In the case of A.H. v. Slovakia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as
a Committee composed of:
Luis López Guerra, President,
Ján Šikuta,
Nona Tsotsoria, judges,
and Marialena Tsirli, Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 29 January 2013,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that
date:
PROCEDURE
The case originated in an
application (no. 23386/09) against the Slovak Republic lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Slovak national, Ms A.H. (“the applicant”), on 3 April 2009.
The President of the Section acceded to the applicant’s request not to have
her name disclosed (Rule 47 § 3 of the Rules of Court).
The applicant was originally
represented by Ms K. Dušáková, a lawyer practising in Košice. On 27
September 2010 she appointed Mr V. Zvolenský, a lawyer practising in Košice, to
represent her in the proceedings. The Slovak Government (“the
Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ms M. Pirošíková.
On 3 May 2010 the application was communicated to
the Government.
The Government objected to the examination of the
application by a Committee. After having considered the Government’s
objection, the Court rejects it.
THE FACTS
THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
The applicant was born in 1964 and lives in Košice.
A. Civil proceedings
On 5 February 2004 the applicant living with her
two sons who were students initiated proceedings before the Košice II District
Court on contribution to her maintenance by her husband. She claimed that she was
unemployed and her state of health did not allow her to work.
The Košice II District Court scheduled a hearing for
14 September 2005.
On 28 June 2005 the applicant’s husband raised an
objection to the territorial jurisdiction of the Košice II District Court
claiming that he lived and worked in Veľký Krtíš.
On 5 August 2005 the matter was transmitted to
the Veľký Krtíš District Court.
Between 9 February 2006 and 6 May 2008 the
Veľký Krtíš District Court scheduled six hearings. The applicant had
excused herself for not being able to appear before the court since her
financial situation did not allow her to pay for the journey from her place of
residence to the District Court’s seat. On that account, the Veľký Krtíš
District Court requested the Košice II District Court to hear the applicant.
The applicant was heard by the latter court three times.
On 9 May 2006 the applicant requested that the
case be dealt with by the Košice II District Court. She argued that other
proceedings linked to her family situation - divorce, maintenance of the
applicant’s and her husband’s children and distribution of marital property -
were pending before that court. She further submitted that she had no income
and lived in Košice. Being in material need she stressed that she would not be
able to travel to Veľký Krtíš which was situated some 200 kilometer4s from
Košice.
On 24 July 2006 the Veľký Krtíš District
Court requested the applicant to pay court fees for her request to transfer the
case.
On 4 August 2006 the applicant in her response sought
an exemption from the obligation to pay them.
On 10 August 2006 the Veľký Krtíš District
Court informed the applicant that according to the existing legal regulation it
was not possible to exempt her request to transmit the case from the obligation
to pay the court fees.
Following the applicant’s repeated request, on 4
September 2006 the Veľký Krtíš District Court warned the applicant that in
case of a failure to pay the court fees the request would not be dealt with.
On 14 September 2006 the applicant again asked
to be exempted from the obligation to pay the court fees.
On 2 October 2006 the Veľký Krtíš District
Court refused to grant the exemption. On 31 October 2006 the Banská Bystrica
Regional Court, following the applicant’s appeal, quashed the decision and
ordered the Veľký Krtíš District Court to examine the applicant’s financial
situation.
On 6 March 2007 the Veľký Krtíš District
Court granted the exemption from the obligation to pay the court fees.
On 19 April 2007 the Veľký Krtíš District
Court transmitted the case file to the Supreme Court to decide on the applicant’s
request.
On 26 April 2007 the Supreme Court returned the
case file to the Veľký Krtíš District Court since the court had failed to
bring forward the defendant’s observation to the applicant’s request.
On 7 May 2007 the defendant submitted his
disagreement with transfer of the case.
On 14 May 2007 the case file was again transmitted
to the Supreme Court which on 16 May 2007 dismissed the applicant’s request.
On 21 May 2007 the case file was returned to the
Veľký Krtíš District Court.
On 25 June 2007 the applicant again requested
that the case be transferred to the Košice II District Court. She submitted that
none of the parties to the proceedings had any longer residence in Veľký
Krtíš and that her financial situation did not allow her to appear before the
Veľký Krtíš District Court.
On 10 August 2007 the matter was transmitted to
the Supreme Court which on 3 September 2007 refused to grant the applicant’s
request.
On 17 September 2007 the case file returned to
the Veľký Krtíš District Court.
On 29 November 2007 the Veľký Krtíš
District Court adjourned a hearing and sent the case file to the Košice II
District Court to enable the applicant to consult it.
On 3 February 2009 the Veľký Krtíš District
Court dismissed the applicant’s claim. The applicant and the defendant
appealed.
On 30 April 2009 the Banská Bystrica Regional Court
upheld the judgment. It became final on 13 June 2009.
B. Constitutional proceedings
In April 2007 the applicant complained to the Constitutional Court about delays in the proceedings before both the Košice II District Court
and the Veľký Krtíš District Court.
On 10 April 2008 the Constitutional Court
declared admissible the complaint related to the proceedings pending before the
Veľký Krtíš District Court. At the same time, it rejected the part of the
complaint concerning the proceedings before the Košice II District Court as
belated. It held that the proceedings before the latter court had ended on 5
August 2005 when the matter was transmitted to the other District Court. The
applicant had learned about it on 3 January 2006 at the latest, when she was
summoned to appear before the Veľký Krtíš District Court.
On 2 October 2008 the Constitutional Court
decided that the applicant’s right to a hearing within a reasonable time before
the Veľký Krtíš District Court had not been violated. It concluded that
the case was not complex and that the applicant by her conduct had
significantly contributed to the delay. As to the conduct of the District
Court, the Constitutional Court held that, except for a period of five months
of delays when dealing with the applicant’s request to be exempted from the
obligation to pay the court fees, the District Court had been dealing with the
case in an appropriate manner. Thus the delays in the proceedings could
not be considered as unreasonable within the meaning of Article 6 § 1 of the
Convention.
On 4 August 2009 the applicant complained to the
Constitutional Court again mainly about the outcome of the proceedings.
On 23 September 2009 the Constitutional Court
dismissed her complaint as being manifestly ill-founded.
THE LAW
I. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 OF THE
CONVENTION
The applicant complained that the length of the
proceedings had been incompatible with the “reasonable time” requirement, laid
down in Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ...,
everyone is entitled to a ... hearing within a reasonable time by [a] ...
tribunal...”
A. Admissibility
As to the length of proceedings before the
Košice II District Court, the Government submitted that the Court’s assessment of
the exhaustion of domestic remedies would be important for interpretation and
application of the Convention as well as for the future decision-making of the Constitutional Court.
The Government further argued, referring to
judgment of the Constitutional Court of 2 October 2008, that the Veľký
Krtíš District Court had not dealt with the applicant’s claim in a manner
violating her right to a hearing within a reasonable time and that the
applicant herself had significantly contributed to the length of the
proceeding. Her complaint in respect of that period was therefore manifestly
ill-founded. As to the course
of the proceedings following the Constitutional Court’s judgment, the
Government submitted that the applicant was required to have a recourse to the Constitutional Court under Article 127 of the Constitution again, had she been of the opinion
that further delays had occurred. This part of the application should therefore
be rejected for non-exhaustion of domestic remedies.
The Court notes that the applicant initiated the
proceedings on
5 February 2004 by lodging her claim for maintenance by her husband before
the Košice II District Court.
As to the course of the proceedings the Court
notes that the Košice II District Court scheduled a first hearing for 14
September 2005 which is more than one year and seven months after lodging of
the claim. The Court further notes that following the defendant’s objection the
matter was transferred to the Veľký Krtíš District Court in August 2005. In
April 2007 the applicant lodged her constitutional complaint alleging that the
proceedings had been delayed before both the above-mentioned courts.
The Court further notes that on 10 April 2008
the Constitutional Court rejected as belated the applicant’s complaint related
to the proceedings before the Košice II District Court and declared admissible
the part of the complaint concerning the proceedings before the Veľký Krtíš
District Court. Subsequently, on 2 October 2008 the Constitutional Court ruled
that the applicant’s right to a hearing within a reasonable time before the
latter court had not been violated.
The Court observes that the applicant formulated
her constitutional complaint in a manner permitting the Constitutional Court to
examine the overall duration of the proceedings (see also Obluk v. Slovakia,
no. 69484/01, § 61, 20 June 2006). Additionally, at the time of the lodging
of her constitutional complaint the proceedings had not yet been concluded by a
final decision (see, a contrario, Mazurek v. Slovakia (dec.), no. 16970/05,
3 March 2009). The Constitutional Court thus could have addressed their overall
length, in line with the Court’s approach when examining similar cases (see SOFTEL
spol. s r.o. v. Slovakia (no. 2), no. 32836/06, § 21, 16 December
2008).
However, in the present case, the Constitutional
Court excluded from its review the phase of the proceedings before the Košice
II District Court on the ground that the District Court was no longer dealing
with the case. Such an approach is not in line with both the Constitutional
Court’s and the Court’s case-law on the matter while examining similar
complaints (see Šedý v. Slovakia, no. 72237/01, §§ 66-67, 19 December 2006, SOFTEL spol. s r.o. v. Slovakia (no. 1), no. 32427/06, § 8, 16 December 2008, Bako v. Slovakia
(dec.), no. 60227/00, 15 March 2005).
. Indeed,
the Court has already held that it has been its practice to examine the overall
length of the proceedings complained of (see SOFTEL spol. s r.o. v. Slovakia (no. 2), § 21, cited above,
with further reference). It has further held on several occasions that the remedy under
Article 35 of the Convention is susceptible of providing appropriate and
sufficient redress only where it allows for an examination of the proceedings
in their entirety (see
Bako, cited above and
A.R., spol. s r.o. v. Slovakia, no. 13960/06, §§ 37-38, 9 February
2010).
The Court notes that at the time of the
Constitutional Court’s judgment the civil proceedings had been pending for four
years and almost eight months at two levels of jurisdiction including the
period of some six weeks when the Supreme Court dealt with the procedural
question of territorial jurisdiction of the Veľký Krtíš
District Court.
In view of the above, the Court finds that the
effects produced by the decision and the judgment of the Constitutional Court
did not satisfy the above criteria applied by the Court. The Court therefore
concludes that the applicant was not required, for the
purposes of Article 35 § 1 of the Convention, to have again recourse to the
remedy under Article 127 of the Constitution in respect of the proceedings
subsequent to the Constitutional Court’s judgment (see the recapitulation of
the relevant principles in Becová v. Slovakia (dec.), no. 23788/06, 18 September 2007). The Government’s
objections must therefore be dismissed.
. Further,
the Court notes that this complaint is not manifestly
ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention. It further notes
that it is not inadmissible on any other grounds. It must therefore be declared
admissible.
B. Merits
The Court notes that the proceedings in issue ended on 13 June 2009.
Their overall duration was thus five
years and more than four months at two levels of jurisdiction.
The Court reiterates that the reasonableness of
the length of proceedings must be assessed in the light of the circumstances of
the case and with reference to the following criteria: the complexity of the
case, the conduct of the applicant and the relevant authorities and what was at
stake for the applicant in the dispute (see, among many other authorities, Frydlender
v. France [GC], no. 30979/96, § 43, ECHR 2000-VII).
The Court has frequently found violations of
Article 6 § 1 of the Convention in cases raising issues similar to the one in
the present case (see Frydlender, cited above).
. In
cases relating to civil status, what is at stake for the applicant is also a
relevant consideration, and special diligence is required in view of the
possible consequences which the excessive length of proceedings may have,
notably on enjoyment of the right to respect for family life (see Laino v. Italy [GC],
no. 3158/96, § 18, ECHR 1999-I).
It is relevant that the courts dealt with the
applicant’s claim for maintenance when she was in a difficult financial and
social situation being unemployed and living alone with her two sons. The
outcome of the proceedings was accordingly of significant importance for her
every day life.
While admitting that the
applicant’s hearings before the Košice II District Court and her requests to
transmit the case to it had partly prolonged the proceedings, the Court cannot
ignore the delay of eighteen months
caused by the Košice II District Court (see paragraphs 6-9 above) and the
conduct of the Veľký Krtíš District Court when dealing with the applicant’s
request to be exempted from the obligation to pay the court fees (see paragraphs
11-22 above).
In the light of the above and taking note of
what was at stake for the applicant, the Court takes the view that the
applicant’s case was not heard within a reasonable time. There has accordingly
been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.
II. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there
has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the
internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
A. Damage
The applicant claimed 7,463.85 euros (EUR) in
respect of pecuniary damage. She further claimed EUR 20,000 in respect of
non-pecuniary damage.
The Government contested these claims.
The Court does not discern any causal link
between the violation found and the pecuniary damage alleged; it therefore
rejects this claim. On the other hand, it awards the applicant EUR 2,400 in
respect of
non-pecuniary damage.
B. Costs and expenses
The applicant also claimed EUR 3,288.33 for the
costs and expenses incurred before the domestic courts and for those incurred
before the Court.
The Government left the matter to the Court’s
discretion.
Regard being had to the documents in its
possession and to its case-law, the Court considers it reasonable to
award the applicant the sum of EUR 1,500 under all heads.
C. Default interest
The Court considers it appropriate that the
default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the
European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT UNANIMOUSLY
1. Declares the application admissible;
2. Holds that there has been a violation of
Article 6 § 1 of the Convention;
3. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicant, within three months, the following amounts:
(i) EUR 2,400 (two thousand four hundred euros),
plus any tax that may be chargeable, in respect of non-pecuniary damage;
(ii) EUR 1,500 (one thousand five hundred euros), plus
any tax that may be chargeable to the applicant, in respect of costs and
expenses;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned
three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above
amounts at
a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during
the default period plus three percentage points;
4. Dismisses the remainder of the applicant’s
claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 19 February
2013, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Marialena
Tsirli Luis López Guerra
Deputy Registrar President
