FIFTH SECTION

CASE OF ROZHENKO AND OTHERS v. UKRAINE

(Application no. 2644/04 and 23 other applications)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

11 April 2013

This judgment is final. It may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Rozhenko and Others v. Ukraine,
The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Boštjan M. Zupančič, President,
	Ann Power-Forde,
	Helena Jäderblom, judges,
and Stephen Phillips, Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 19 March 2013,
Having noted that the underlying legal issue in the applications is already the subject of well-established case-law of the Court (see Yuriy Nikolayevich Ivanov v. Ukraine, no. 40450/04, 15 October 2009),
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in 24 applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by Ukrainian nationals, whose details are specified in the appended tables (“the applicants”).
2.  The applicants in applications nos. 17176/07 and 48229/07 died. The applications were pursued in their name by the persons of the required standing, their relatives or heirs to their estate.
3.  The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) are represented by their Agent, Mr Nazar Kulchytskyy.
4.  The applications, which mainly concern the issues of lengthy failure to enforce domestic decisions given in the applicants’ favour, were communicated to the Government on various dates.
5.  On various dates the Government submitted to the Court a number of unilateral declarations aimed at resolving the non-enforcement issues. The Government requested the Court to strike the applications concerned out of the list of cases pursuant to Article 37 § 1 (c) of the Convention on the basis of the declarations. The Court examined the declarations and decided to reject the Government’s request.
THE FACTS
THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
6.  On the dates set out in the appended tables domestic courts delivered judgments according to which the applicants were entitled to various pecuniary amounts or to have certain actions taken in their favour. The judgments became final and enforceable. However, the applicants were unable to obtain the enforcement of the judgments in due time because of State’s failure to comply with these decisions.
7.  Some of the applicants also made submissions concerning factual and legal matters unrelated to the above non-enforcement issues.
THE LAW
I.  JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
8.  In view of the similarity of the applications in terms of the principal legal issue raised, the Court finds it appropriate to join them.
II.  THE STANDING OF THE APPLICANTS IN APPLICATIONS Nos. 17176/07 AND 48229/07
9.  The Court considers that the applicants’ heirs or next-of-kin in the applications nos. 17176/07 and 48229/07 (see paragraph 2 above) have standing to continue the proceedings in the applicants’ stead (see, among other authorities, Mironov v. Ukraine, no. 19916/04, § 12, 14 December 2006).
III.  ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLES 6 AND 13 OF THE CONVENTION AND OF ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL No. 1
10.  The applicants complained about the lengthy non-enforcement of the judgments given in their favour and about the lack of effective domestic remedies in respect of those complaints. They relied on, expressly or in substance, Articles 6 and 13 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 which read, in so far as relevant, as follows:
Article 6
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a ... hearing within a reasonable time by [a] tribunal ...”
Article 13
“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.”
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1
“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law ...”
Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in the Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.
A.  Admissibility
11.  On various dates the Government submitted observations as to the admissibility of the applications, claiming that the applicants’ complaints were inadmissible or partly inadmissible for various reasons.
12.  The applicants disagreed with the Governments’ submissions.
13.  The Court notes that similar objections have already been dismissed in a number of its judgments (see, Voytenko v. Ukraine, no. 18966/02, §§ 32-35, 29 June 2004). Accordingly, the Court dismisses the Government’s preliminary objections and declares the applicants’ complaints with respect to lengthy failure to enforce the judgments given in their favour admissible.
B.  Merits
14.  The Government submitted, with respect to application no. 11442/04 only, that no violation of the applicant’s rights occurred as the judgments in that case could not be enforced and property returned to the applicant in view of the fact that after transfer of the seized property to third private parties it was embezzled by them.
15.  The applicant disagreed.
16.  As the applicant’s property was seized by the investigating officer of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Dnipropertrovsk Region, the Court finds that the Government’s responsibility for the debt is not affected by their contention that the property in question was embezzled by third parties. The Court accordingly dismisses the Government’s objection as to the merits of the applicant’s complaints in application no. 11442/04.
17.  The Court concludes, with respect to all the applications, that the judgments in the applicants’ favour were not enforced in due time, for which the State authorities were responsible.
18.  Having regard to its well-established case-law on the subject (see Yuriy Nikolayevich Ivanov, cited above, §§ 56-58 and 66-70), the Court finds that there has been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 on account of the prolonged non-enforcement of the judgments in the applicants’ favour. It also considers that there had been a violation of Article 13 of the Convention in that the applicants did not have an effective domestic remedy to redress the damage created by such non-enforcement.
IV. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS OF THE CONVENTION
19.  Some of the applicants raised other complaints under the Convention which the Court has carefully examined. In the light of all the material in its possession, and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, the Court finds that they do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms set out in the Convention or its Protocols.
20.  It follows that those complaints are manifestly ill-founded and must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 §§ 3 (a) and 4 of the Convention.
V.  APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
21.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
22.  In the present case, bearing in mind its previous decision on the matter (see Kharuk and Others v. Ukraine [Committee], no. 703/05 and 115 other applications, § 25, 26 July 2012), the Court considers it reasonable and equitable to award 3,000 euros (EUR) to each applicant in the applications which concern non‑enforcement delays exceeding three years (the applications tabulated in Appendix 1) and EUR 1,500 to each applicant in the other applications (the applications tabulated in Appendix 2). These sums are to cover any pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage, as well as costs and expenses.
23.  The Court further notes that the respondent State has an outstanding obligation to enforce the judgments which remain enforceable.
24.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT UNANIMOUSLY
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the applicants’ complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 about the lengthy non‑enforcement of the decisions given in their favour and about the lack of effective domestic remedies in respect of those complaints admissible and the remainder of the applications inadmissible;

3.  Holds that there has been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1;

4.  Holds that there has been a violation of Article 13 of the Convention;

5.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to enforce the domestic decisions in the applicants’ favour which remain enforceable, and is to pay, within three months, EUR 3,000 (three thousand euros) to each applicant or his or her estate in the applications tabulated in Appendix 1 and EUR 1,500 (one thousand five hundred euros) to the applicant in the application tabulated in Appendix 2 in respect of pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage, and costs and expenses, plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants on the above amounts which are to be converted into the national currency at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 April 2013, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Stephen Phillips	Boštjan M. Zupančič
	Deputy Registrar	President

APPENDIX 1
(non-enforcement delays more than three years)

No.	Application
no. and date of introduction	Applicant name
date of birth
place of residence	Relevant domestic decisions	
1.		2644/04
08/12/2003	Ruslan Yevgenovych ROZHENKO
10/11/1965
Kyiv	Kyiv Regional Court of Appeal, 12/03/2003	
2.		11442/04
11/02/2004	Stanislav Grigoryevich KIRICHENKO
02/12/1964
Dnipropetrovsk	1) Kirovskyy (district) Court of Dnipropetrovsk, 27/07/2003

2) Kirovskyy (district) Court of Dnipropetrovsk, 25/08/2003	
3.		17410/05
25/04/2005	Anatoliy Aleksandrovich BAZELYUK
16/05/1949
Odessa	Suvorovskyy (district) Court of Odesa, 28/02/2003	
4.		17176/07
29/03/2007	Aleksandr Pavlovich MIKHAYLOV
01/04/1939
Krasnyy Luch	1) Krasnyy Luch Court, 01/08/2001

2) Krasnyy Luch Court, 13/05/2003

3) Krasnyy Luch Court, 10/12/2003

4) Krasnyy Luch Court, 04/11/2004

5) Krasnyy Luch Court, 26/05/2006 	
5.		42782/07
19/09/2007	Vitaliy Nikolayevich SIMUSHIN
07/12/1958
Torez	Torez Court, 23/03/2005	
6.		46001/07
29/09/2007	Viktor Vasilyevich BEZRUK
25/08/1962
Torez	Torez Court, 23/03/2005	
7.		48229/07
24/10/2007	Klavdiya Ivanovna KASPEROVICH
14/06/1937
Krasnyy Luch	1) Krasnyy Luch Court, 16/01/2002

2) Krasnyy Luch Court, 06/10/2005	
8.		13818/08
05/03/2008	Nadezhda Petrovna KARPUKHINA
05/06/1956
Knyaginevka	Krasnyy Luch Court, 12/05/2005	
9.		13835/08
05/03/2008	Yelena Vladimirovna PLETYONKINA
05/12/1975
Vakhrukhevo	Krasnyy Luch Court, 27/07/2005	
10.		23406/08
08/05/2008	Nikolay Vasilyevich GORBUNOV
08/11/1949
Kherson	Komsomolskyy (district) Court of Kherson, 24/05/2004	
11.		23427/08
21/11/2007	Vadym Volodymyrovych VYGOVSKYY
02/05/1967
Mykolayiv	Mykolayiv Regional Court of Appeal, 15/03/2006	
12.		30858/09
30/03/2009	Anatoliy Pavlovich SHAMIN
19/02/1957
Makiyivka	Tsentralno-Miskyy (district) Court of Makiyivka, 26/12/2007	
13.		35901/09
24/06/2009	Tetyana Mykolayivna PAVYTSKA
06/10/1965
Zhytomyr	1) Zhytomyr Regional Administrative Court, 21/11/2007

2) Zhytomyr Regional Administrative Court, 05/10/2007	
14.		39123/09
09/07/2009	Larysa Mykolayivna KOSYGINA
15/03/1970
Zhytomyr	1) Zhytomyr Regional Administrative Court, 21/11/2007

2) Zhytomyr Regional Administrative Court, 05/10/2007	
15.		48131/09
27/08/2009	Viktor Georgiyovych ZAGRANYCHNYI
28/11/1949
Ivanivka	Pecherskyy (district) Court of Kyiv, 28/02/2002	
16.		48596/09
25/08/2009	Vladyslav Viktorovych KRYZHANIVSKYY
14/02/1961
Oliyivka	1) Zhytomyr Regional Administrative Court, 21/11/2007

2) Zhytomyr Regional Administrative Court, 05/10/2007	
17.		50861/09
04/09/2009	Motrona Pavlivna BOGDANETS
07/11/1914
Rokytne	Rivne Regional Administrative Court, 28/04/2009	
18.		14165/10
20/02/2010	Oleksandr Volodymyrovych YEVDOKYMOV
14/09/1950
Kharkiv	Frunzenskyy (district) Court of Kharkiv, 26/11/2007	
19.		15965/10
01/03/2010	Yevgeniy Petrovich DOLINSKIY
05/11/1947
Dzerzhynsk	Dzerzhynsk Court, 29/11/2005	
20.		29139/10
10/05/2010	Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich KOVALENKO
17/11/1964
Lysychansk

Nadezhda Vasilyevna KOVALENKO
06/12/1959
Lysychansk	1) Lysychanskiy Court, 04/11/2008

2) Lysychanskiy Court, 25/11/2008

3) Lysychanskiy Court, 20/11/2008	
21.		71869/10
19/11/2010
	Galyna Opanasivna FEDORENKO
08/09/1951
Kremenchuk
	Kryukivskyy (district) Court of Kremenchuk, 23/01/2003	
22.		74285/10
09/11/2010	Arkadiy Ivanovych SHAPOVALOV
23/05/1964
Kremenchuk	Avtozavodskyy (district) Court of Kremenchuk, 27/12/2001	
23.		5737/11
14/01/2011	Oleksandr Davydovych CHAKIR
18/10/1968
Starokostyantyni	Starokostiantyniv Court, 08/08/2007	

APPENDIX 2
(non-enforcement delays less than three years)

No.	Application
no. and date of introduction	Applicant name
date of birth
place of residence
nationality	Final domestic decision details	
24.	12022/07
03/03/2007	Viktor Viktorovich SLOBODYANYUK
21/01/1966
Novaya Kakhovka	Kherson Regional Commercial Court, 06/10/2006