THIRD SECTION

CASE OF BIRYUKOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Application no. 36006/11 and 8 others - see appended list)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

4 May 2017

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Biryukov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Luis López Guerra, President,
	Dmitry Dedov,
	Branko Lubarda, judges,
and Karen Reid, Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 30 March 2017,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2.  The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4.  The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
Article I.	I.  JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
Article II.	II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6.  The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 3
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”
7.  The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, §§ 90‑94, ECHR 2000‑XI, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 139‑65, 10 January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v. Lithuania, no. 53254/99, §§ 36–40, 7 April 2005).
8.  In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no. 5993/08, 28 November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate.
10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
Article III.	III.  REMAINING COMPLAINTS
11.  In applications nos. 36006/11, 37211/11, 53965/12, 53969/12, 55356/12 and 74792/12, the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Sergey Babushkin case (cited above, §§ 38-45).
Article IV.	IV.  APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
12.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
13.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession, to its case‑law and the long delay for some of the applicants in filing the application, the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
14.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the applications admissible;

3.  Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;

4.  Holds that there has been a violation as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);

5.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 4 May 2017, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Karen Reid	Luis López Guerra
Registrar	President

APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention)
No.	Application no.
Date of introduction	Applicant name
Date of birth
	Representative name and location	Facility
Start and end date
Duration	Sq. m. per inmate
	Specific grievances	Other complaints under well‑established case-law	Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage and costs and expenses
per applicant
(in euros)	
1.		36006/11
12/05/2011	Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Biryukov
18/01/1977	
	IK-5 Republic of Mordovia
13/03/2009
pending
More than 8 year(s) and 18 day(s)
	1.3 m²

	No hot water, 4-6 sinks for more than 100 inmates, toilet (holes dug out in the ground) is a separately standing facility, same temperature inside it as outside, low quality of clothes, footgear, coverings, tuberculosis-infected inmates in the dormitory, poor sanitary conditions, rodents, insects, poor quality of food and running water, no ventilation, no access to natural light.
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	22,800	
2.		37211/11
04/04/2011
(4 applicants)	Rizvan Magomedovich Akhmedov
12/10/1983
Vladimir Nikolayevich Kachayev
01/09/1974
Aram Kamoyevich Gekchan
12/09/1987
Vitaliy Viktorovich Rodin
	Maryin Sergey Trofimovich
Saransk	IK-7 Republic of Mordovia
04/04/2011
pending
More than 5 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 27 day(s)
	2 m²

	One hour of daily outdoor exercises, poor sanitary conditions, poor lighting, high humidity and mould, insects, no drinking water, tuberculosis and hepatitis-infected inmates in the cell
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	20,000	
3.		53965/12
26/06/2012	Sergey Mikhaylovich Kolesnikov
27/07/1981	
	IK-29 Kirov Region
15/09/2010
pending
More than 6 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 16 day(s)
	1.5 m²

	Tuberculosis-infected inmates in the dormitory.
Toilet outside, with no heating, stench, poor quality of food and running water.
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	19,500	
4.		53969/12
07/07/2012	Sergey Nikolayevich Ivanov
17/04/1977	
	IK-29 Kirov Region
15/08/2009 to
22/08/2013
4 year(s) and
8 day(s)
	1.8 m²

	Tuberculosis-infected inmates in the dormitory.
Toilet outside, with no heating, stench, insects.
Poor quality of food and running water.
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	8,500	
5.		55356/12
25/07/2012	Dmitriy Anatolyevich Shatalov
24/05/1973	
	IK-18 Novosibirsk
24/06/2010 to
24/04/2014
3 year(s) and
10 month(s) and
1 day(s)
	1.3 m²

	Fewer sleeping places than inmates, 6-7 sinks and 5-6 pans for 140-165 inmates, no hot water, no curtains to separate the lavatory.
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	10,300	
6.		74792/12
02/11/2012	Vladimir Valeryevich Partionov
16/08/1973	Gordeyeva Margarita Vladimirovna
Astrakhan	IK-1 Rostov Region
15/11/2010
pending
More than 6 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 16 day(s)
	1.7 m²

	Fewer sleeping places than inmates, sleeping in turns.
5 pans and 5 sinks for 137-152 inmates, no privacy when using lavatory, poor quality of food.
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	18,300	
7.		76153/12
10/10/2012	Aleksey Nikolayevich Uzilov
17/09/1976	
	IK-18 Kharp Yamalo-Nenetskiy Autonomous Region
10/08/2012 to
10/09/2012
1 month(s) and
1 day(s)

IK-18 Kharp Yamalo-Nenetskiy Autonomous Region
22/10/2012 to
18/11/2012
28 day(s)
	3.2 m²

3.2 m²

	No space to move in the cell, 4.5 sq. m. of space for three inmates for outdoor exercise, sub-zero temperature in winter time.
The lavatory pan is next to the bed, no partition.

No space to move in the cell, 4.5 sq. m. of space for three inmates for outdoor exercise, sub-zero temperature in winter time, the lavatory pan is next to the bed, no partition.
		1,400	
8.		77937/12
04/12/2012	Ivan Yuryevich Tsymbarevich
19/08/1970	Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Kostroma	IK-4 Kostroma Region
15/07/2012 to
15/04/2013
9 month(s) and
1 day(s)
	1.9 m²

	Cracks in the walls.
High humidity, mould on the walls, rodents, insects, poor lighting, no artificial ventilation, poor quality of water, sanitary conditions, tuberculosis-infected inmates in the dormitory,
insufficient space for outdoor exercise.
		4,300	
9.		56384/13
15/08/2013	Konstantin Eduardovich Garifullin
19/06/1974	
	IK-1 Nizhniy Novgorod Region
27/04/2013 to
12/07/2015
2 year(s) and
2 month(s) and
16 day(s)
	1.4 m²

	Poor sanitary conditions.
4 pans and 5 sinks for 130 inmates, poor lighting, no ventilation, tuberculosis and hepatitis-infected inmates in the dormitory.
		8,800