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England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions |
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You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Hart & Ors v Royal Borough of Kensington And Chelsea & Ors [2022] EWHC 1090 (QB) (13 May 2022) URL: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2022/1090.html Cite as: [2022] EWHC 1090 (QB) |
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QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION
GRENFELL TOWER LITIGATION
Strand, London, WC2A 2LL |
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B e f o r e :
____________________
Martin Hart and others |
Claimants |
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- and - |
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Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and others |
Defendants |
____________________
Kiril Waite (instructed by Metropolitan Police Service, Directorate of Legal Services) for the Twelfth Defendant
Hearing dates: 28 April 2022
____________________
Crown Copyright ©
Senior Master Fontaine :
Factual and procedural background
Jurisdiction
"If a party believes that the disclosure of documents given by a disclosing party is inadequate he may make an application for an order for specific disclosure (see rule 31.12)."
"An application under this rule may be made at any stage of the proceedings, and particularly at times when the court is likely to be giving directions in any event, such as allocation, case management conference, with the listing questionnaire, or at the pre trial review."
And at 31.12.2
"The court has a discretion as to whether it makes the order. It may make an order at anytime, regardless of whether standard disclosure has already occurred; …………………"
The application was in fact listed to be heard at a case management conference.
The grounds for the application
i) To investigate liability, as in the ADR process liability issues will need to be determined prior to any settlement negotiations relating to quantum, so the Claimants need the documents sought to particularise their claims for the ADR/mediation process.
ii) In circumstances where the CPM has requested further particularisation of the claims made against her, and the PO Claimants are unable to provide that particularisation without the disclosure sought.
iii) To assist in clarifying or resolving issues in dispute.
iv) The provisional damages claim needs to be investigated and documents requested relating to the Police Officer Claimants' exposure to asbestos are central to this.
v) An accelerated approach to obtain the requested documents is required because the PO Claimants were only informed recently that liability issues will be the subject of determination prior to quantum in any mediation.
i) So far the CPM has spent approximately 380 hours in searching and securing documents, and has disclosed more than 1000 pages of documents.
ii) The PO Claimants seek extensive disclosure with 34 different classes of documents out of seven identified categories requested; in some respects the disclosure is also oppressive and the relevance of the documents is far from clear, relevance being the overriding test in any application for disclosure, no matter under which rule it is sought.
iii) The document sought in the application are the latest of several iterations of disclosure sought from the CPM; each has been far wider in scope than the previous request.
iv) The PO Claimants have not set out their claim in sufficient detail to enable the CPM to assess the relevance of the documents sought; the CPM does not know what injuries were allegedly suffered by the LSOs, when those injuries occurred, and what caused their occurrence, which would assist the CPP in identifying the relevant time frame for the requested documents.
v) The documents the subject of the application are only the LSOs, who constitute a minority of the PO Claimants, only 10 out of a total of 33; of those 10 Claimants, the legal status of 8 is in dispute, and they are the subject of an extant application by the First and Second Defendants (Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the Tenants Management Organisation) for their claims to be struck out; although that application will not be heard until the stay on the claim is lifted. Accordingly proportionality is a relevant consideration.
vi) It was only when the application was served that the CPM was informed for the first time that the LSOs were seeking disclosure of five classes of documents relating to asbestos, which are said to be relevant as they may have a bearing on any claim for provisional damages. The CPM does not understand how the claim for provisional damages arises in the context of pure psychiatric injuries; the CPM has repeatedly asked the PO Claimants to state what the case is against her/him; If the response is that the extensive disclosure is needed to formulate a case against the CPM, that suggests that the application for disclosure is a fishing expedition.
vii) The justification for the accelerated approach referred to by Ms Taylor is not justified in circumstances where the PO Claimants were supposed to deliver the ADR settlement packs in January 2022; this was not done and the CPM has now been informed that these will not be ready until the end of the summer;
viii) It is incorrect that the documents are necessary for the PO Claimants to set out their allegations in negligence against the other Defendants before negotiations could take place: the claim against the CPM proceeds in employers liability, so the case and allegations in negligence against the CPM will be different from those against the other eleven Defendants. It is therefore incorrect that disclosure sought from the CPM is holding up the PO Claimants from setting out their claims against the other Defendants as a prerequisite to ADR; in any event the documents sought would be relevant only to the claims of the 10 LSOs;
ix) The CPM is prepared to continue working with the PO Claimants to provide disclosure on a voluntary basis, but the disclosure requested goes far beyond what can be considered a reasonable request for disclosure in the context of the pre-action protocol. The Protocol requires parties to provide only key documents. Paragraph 7 of the Protocol states that "The aim of early disclosure of documents by the defendant is not to encourage 'fishing expeditions' by the claimant, but to promote an early exchange of relevant information to help in clarifying or resolving issues in dispute."
x) It is incumbent on the PO Claimants to set out the basis as to why the classes of documents sought are necessary and relevant, and that the disclosure is proportionate, but they have failed to provide a proper explanation for the documents requested to enable the CPM to make proper investigations or to assist in determining the necessity and proportionality of the disclosure sought, despite repeated requests by the CPM.
xi) Some of the classes of documents sought, even if relevant, are so wide that disclosure would be oppressive e.g. item 22;
xii) It is questionable whether some of the classes sought would fall within standard disclosure under CPR 31.6 e.g. item 21
Discussion
"It is, unsurprisingly, anticipated that access to the further disclosure requested will enable further particularisation of allegations against your client, which is what you consider is required.
………………………………………………………………
Finally, if mediation steps do not materialise, the requested disclosure is needed to enable the police officer claimants to plead their claims."
"(i) dispose fairly of the anticipated proceedings;
(ii) assist the dispute be resolved without proceedings; or
(iii) save costs."
"The court will need to satisfy itself as to the relevance of the documents sought, and that they are or have been in the party's control, or at least that there is a prima facie case that these requirements will be met. The relevance of the documents is analysed by reference to the pleadings, and the factual issues in dispute on the pleadings: Harrods Ltd v Times Newspaper Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 294"
"In general terms, the allegations against the Commissioner are employers liability claims for:
1. Mismanagement and insufficient (or a total lack of) care for the psychiatrically injured Claimants, thus worsening/ prolonging their psychiatric effect unconditioned; and
2. Failing to take all reasonable steps for the safety of the officers by sending them into the insecure building with inadequate equipment, subjecting them to fear of injury and foreseeable risks of both trauma and disease
As you know, "settlement packs" are being prepared for each Claimant, which will include witness evidence detailing each officers' specific circumstances in respect of the above."
Of these two classes of claim, only the second is relevant to the LSOs.
"(i) To dispose fairly of the anticipated proceedings;
(ii) assist the dispute to be resolved without proceedings, or
(iii) save costs"
because it is framed without having properly set out the PO Claimants' claims in correspondence or identified the relevance of the requested documents to the issues in the case.
Costs of the application
Category 1: Documents relating to video footage and imaging
Number |
Disclosure Requested |
CPM's Position |
Judicial decision |
1 |
Footage or imaging taken of Grenfell Tower ("the Tower") between 15 June 2017 and 20 December 2017 for the purposes of assessing risk or illustrating the risks and dangers involved in entering the Tower
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Regarding footage, the CPM made available for viewing at the MPS offices all footage taken during this period - see letter dated 19 July 2021 exhibited at TDS1 [21 - 22]. PMC have not taken up this invitation.
Regarding images, many thousands of photographic images were taken of the Tower during the police investigation. The CPM has no objection to disclosure, but the PO/LSO Claimants need to be more specific. The claim is brought in employers' liability against the CPM. What risks or dangers are the subject of the claim? - Tripping risks? Electric shock? Falling masonry?
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No order for disclosure of video footage as this has been made available. >
No order for disclosure of photographic images. The PO Claimants have not demonstrated the relevance of the particular photographs sought. The claims against the CPM to which the photographs relate need to be articulated.
It may be helpful if the CPM can investigate how the images are stored/categorised which may assist in identifying relevant documents once the claims are properly articulated. |
2 |
Footage of briefings given to those entering the Tower after 14 June 2017
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No disclosure to give - no footage of briefings exists. |
No order for disclosure as CPM confirmed no footage exists. |
Category 2: Risk assessments of the Tower (not already provided) including
3 |
"Hazard profiles" (as referred to in the Letters of Response) of the area
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No disclosure to give - the CPM holds no separate "hazard profiles" risk assessment documents. |
No order for disclosure as CPM confirmed no hazard profiles exist separately to risk assessments that have been disclosed. |
4 |
Ongoing and subsequent review risk assessments (either formal or informally prepared) of the Tower from 17 June to 20 December 2017 completed by the senior health and safety officer assigned to Grenfell Tower
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The CPM has provided all iterations of the overarching risk assessments that have been located for this period.
If the PO claimants believe there are other risk assessments that would have been specific to the activities that they undertook within that period, they are asked to specify what those risk assessments were to assist the CPM in carrying out any further searches.
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No order for disclosure as CPM confirmed all relevant risk assessments have been disclosed. |
5 |
Any risk assessments completed by the London Fire Brigade between 14 June 2017 and 30 December 2017 that were given to Operation Northleigh
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This request should be directed to the LFB. |
No order for disclosure. The PO Claimants' evidence is that the LFB have informed them that they do not hold the documents requested but that the CPM does and the request should be directed to the CPM. (Taylor para. 24 [1473]). It is unclear why the LFB have not retained copies of their own risk assessments. I do not know whether the CPM had access to such risk assessments at the time when the LSOs were directed to enter the Tower. If so I consider that the risk assessments carried out by the LFB would be relevant documents. The CPM stated in submissions that Operation Northleigh was a criminal investigation. CI suggest that clarification be given by the CPM in correspondence as to the position relating to documents provided in Operation Northleigh.. |
6 |
Any risk assessments completed by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea between 14 June 2017 and 30 December 2017 that were given to Operation Northleigh
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This request should be directed to RBKC. |
No order for disclosure. Counsel for RBKC explained at the hearing that RBKC did not carry out any risk assessments after the fire, and that these became the responsibility of central government. It is apparent that only post fire risk assessments would be relevant to the claims of the LSOs. |
7 |
Any risk assessments completed by any other third party that you have taken control of
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This request needs to be clarified as it is very wide and its relevance is unclear.
The request should be directed to the relevant third party.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
Category 3: Other documents referred to in the 15 June 2017 risk assessment and to be read in conjunction with it
8 |
Safe operating procedure documents
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The risk assessment referred to was prepared by the MPS and the LFB. Items 8-12 of this category are listed as the documents that any risk assessment must be read in conjunction with.
The PO Claimants are requested to be more specific in respect of which `safe operating documents' disclosure is sought.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
9 |
Standard operating procedure documents
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The risk assessment referred to was prepared by the MPS and the LFB. Items 8-12 of this category are listed as the documents that any risk assessment must be read in conjunction with.
The PO Claimants are requested to be more specific in respect of which `standard operating procedure documents' disclosure is sought.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
10 |
Work instructions
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The risk assessment referred to was prepared by the MPS and the LFB. Items 8-12 of this category are listed as the documents that any risk assessment must be read in conjunction with.
The PO Claimants are requested to be more specific in respect of which `work instructions' disclosure is sought.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
11 |
Individual work instructions
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The risk assessment referred to was prepared by the MPS and the LFB. Items 8-12 of this category are listed as the documents that any risk assessment must be read in conjunction with.
The PO Claimants are requested to be more specific in respect of which `individual work instructions' disclosure is sought.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
12 |
Safe systems of work
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The risk assessment referred to was prepared by the LFB. Items 8-12 of this category are listed as the documents that any risk assessment must be read in conjunction with.
The PO Claimants are requested to be more specific in respect of which `safe systems of work' disclosure is sought.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
Category 4: Structural surveys of the Tower
13 |
Dangerous Structures Engineers surveys from 14 June 2017 to 20 December 2017
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No disclosure to give - the position is explained in detail in the CPM's letter dated 19 July 2021 exhibited at TDS1 [21 - 22].
In summary the Tower was not under the control of the MPS. The specialist engineers who surveyed the safety and stability of the building were brought in by TMO. The specialist engineers attended daily meetings and provided relevant information as part of daily briefing. This information was also used for, inter alia, the updating of risk assessments.
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No order for disclosure. The CPM has adequately explained the position in relation to the information provided by the local authority building surveyors, the Health and Safety Executive, the LFB and principal contractors in the letter of 19 July 2021 [1576]. |
14 |
Any other structural surveys completed by the Metropolitan Police relating to the safety of the Tower between 14 June 2017 and 20 December 2017
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As above. |
No order for disclosure. The CPM has adequately explained the position in relation to the information provided by the local authority building surveyors, the Health and Safety Executive, the LFB and principal contractors in the letter of 19 July 2021 [1576]. |
15 |
Any structural surveys undertaken by a third party for the Metropolitan Police between 14 June 2017 and 20 December 2017 (including the London Fire Brigade, The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government and any other third parties)
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As above. |
No order for disclosure. The CPM has adequately explained the position in relation to the information provided by the local authority building surveyors, the Health and Safety Executive, the LFB and principal contractors in the letters of 7 December 2020 [1558-1565] and 19 July 2021 [1575-6]. |
Category 5: Other Documents relating to safety measures
16 |
Minutes or notes relating to multiagency briefings prior to and after entry to the building
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The request is for blanket disclosure and is oppressive. The PO Claimants are requested to be more specific in respect of the disclosure sought. Over which days is the disclosure sought and which agency briefings?
The PO Claimants are also requested to set out the relevance of this request.
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. The CPM has adequately explained the position with regard to the involvement of multiparty agencies in the letter dated 7 December 2020 [1558-1565]. |
17 |
Documentation detailing ongoing consideration of the safety of officers entering the building including evacuation, check points, protocols for identifying police officers in the event of a building collapse; protocols about moving through units for searching and how to manage rubble / the additional weight of officers etc
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The PO Claimants are requested to clarify what is meant by "documentation detailing ongoing consideration of the safety of officers".
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No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
18 |
Documents relating to any alarm systems or "bug" in place to inform when an evacuation in the Tower is required
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Refused. The PO Claimants are required to explain the relevance of this request for disclosure. |
No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
19 |
Documents relating to any system in place to detect motion in the building
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Refused. The PO Claimants are required to explain the relevance of this request for disclosure. |
No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
20 |
Documents including details of the information given to those entering the Tower about what to do in the event of an evacuation and when this was required
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The PO Claimants are referred to the content of the CPM's letter dated 7 December 2020 exhibited at TDS1 [4 - 11]. Briefings were provided by PowerPoint. The PowerPoint document was updated in line with developments.
Given its highly sensitive nature, PMC were invited to the MPS offices to view the PowerPoint but have not taken up the offer.
|
No order for disclosure. The CPM has adequately explained the position with regard to the involvement of multiparty agencies in the letter dated 7 December 2020 [1558-1565]. Access to the PowerPoint documents has been provided. |
21 |
Any further documents considering the risk of the collapse of the Tower by including but not limited to a lightning strike, adverse weather, structural integrity, collapse of internal ceilings etc
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Refused. The PO Claimants are required to explain the relevance of this request for disclosure. |
No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
22 |
Full details including all emails/memorandums and documents of whatever kind relating to the safety and usage of the Tower
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The request is too broad and disclosure would be oppressive as it encapsulates documents of whatever kind.
The PO Claimants are asked to be more specific in their request.
|
No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
23 |
Details of briefings given to officers entering the tower including to 14 x versions of the PowerPoint referred to in your Letters of Response
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See response to 20 above. |
No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. Access to the PowerPoint documents has been provided. |
24 |
Details of the process to determine what briefings were given to officers
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Refused. The PO Claimants are required to explain the relevance of this request for disclosure. |
No order for disclosure. The request is not specific enough to explain relevance. |
Category 6: Disclosure relating to asbestos
25 |
Details of lung function tests for each officer and the requests for those to be completed
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The relevance of this request is not understood.
In any event, the information is contained within the PO Claimants' Optima Health files, copies of which have been provided.
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No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
26 |
Any risk assessments or other documentation undertaken in respect of the risk of exposure to asbestos
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The relevance of this request is not understood.
As per 4 above the CPM has given disclosure of all relevant risk assessments.
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No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
27 |
Any documents detailing how the risk was mitigated including protocols in place, information provided to officers, what protective equipment was provided to officers including masks and clothing and when this was replaced
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The relevance of this request is not understood.
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No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
28 |
Details of how the protective equipment changed over time, including the masks provided changed and any documents detailing the rationale for this
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The relevance of this request is not understood. |
No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
29 |
Details of any briefings given to officers about asbestos and how often they occurred
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The relevance of this request is not understood. |
No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
30 |
Details of the "asbestos bags" provided to officers to collect it when searching the Tower and what risk assessments were undertaken prior to that instruction
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The relevance of this request is not understood. |
No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
31 |
Details of any asbestos monitoring equipment used and the data collected from that equipment
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The relevance of this request is not understood. |
No order for disclosure. No claims have been articulated in respect of exposure to asbestos. |
Category 7: Additional documents requested
32 |
Expert advice in relation to the safety of the Tower or otherwise between 14 June 2017 and 31 December 2017
|
The request is already covered by 13-15 above. It appears to be a repetition. |
No order for disclosure. No specific documents have been identified and this request duplicates the requests in 13-15 above. |
33 |
Any documentation/correspondence provided to officers relating to the mental health support available to the claimants and when this was made available
|
The information provided for signposting to mental health services is set out in detail in the CPM's letter dated 7 December 2020 exhibited at TDS1 [4 - 11]. |
No order for disclosure. No documents in addition to those provided have been identified. Information provided in latter of 7 December 2020 [1562-1565] |
34 |
Any documentation detailing any screening processes completed
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The information relevant to this request is set out in detail in the CPM's letter dated 7 December 2020 exhibited at TDS1 [4 - 11]. |
No order for disclosure. No specific documents have been identified. Information was provided by the CPM in the letter of 7 December 2020 [1562-1565] |