No. 14/1935:

THE LOAD LINE RULES, 1935

THE LOAD LINE RULES, 1935

MERCHANT SHIPPING.

THE LOAD LINE RULES, 1935, DATED THE 4TH JANUARY, 1935, MADE BY THE MINISTER FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE UNDER THE MERCHANT SHIPPING SAFETY AND LOAD LINE CONVENTIONS) ACT, 1933 .

CONTENTS.

In pursuance of the powers conferred upon him by Sections 39 , 44 , 45 and 62 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety and Load Line Conventions) Act, 1933 , and of all other powers in this behalf him enabling, the Minister for Industry and Commerce hereby makes the following rules:—

PART I INTERPRETATION

1.— (1) These Rules may be cited as the Load Line Rules, 1935.

(2) In these Rules unless the context otherwise requires the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them:—

"The Act" means the Merchant Shipping (Safety and Load Line Conventions) Act, 1933 .

"The Minister" means the Minister for Industry and Commerce.

"Assigning Authority" means the Minister, or other person authorised by the Minister to issue a load line certificate.

"Conditions of Assignment" means the conditions of assignment set out in Part V of these Rules.

"Steamer" includes all ships having sufficient means for mechanical propulsion, except where provided with sufficient sail area for navigation under sails alone, and for the purposes of these Rules a lighter, barge or other ship without independent means of propulsion, when towed, is deemed to be a steamer.

"Sailing Ship" includes all ships provided with sufficient sail area for navigation under sails alone, whether or not fitted with mechanical means of propulsion.

"Flush Deck Ship" means a ship which has no superstructure on the freeboard deck.

"Superstructure" means a decked structure on the freeboard deck extending from side to side of the ship, and includes a "raised quarter deck" and "superstructure deck" means the deck forming the top of a superstructure.

"Freeboard Deck" means the uppermost complete deck having permanent means of closing all openings in weather portions of the deck in accordance with Rules 15 to 22, and in flush deck ships and ships with detached superstructures means the upper deck. In ships having discontinuous freeboard decks within superstructures which are not intact, or which are not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances as defined in Rule 50, the lowest line of the deck below the superstructure deck shall be deemed to be the freeboard deck.

"Amidships" means the middle of the length of the summer load water-line as defined in Rule 39.

"Timber Deck Cargo" means a cargo of timber carried on an uncovered part of a freeboard or superstructure deck, but does not include a cargo of wood pulp or similar substance.

"Timber Freeboard" means a freeboard assigned under Part VIII of these Rules.

"Tanker Freeboard" means a freeboard assigned under Part IX of these Rules.

"Special Steamer Freeboard" means a freeboard assigned under Part X of these Rules.

"Timber Cargo Regulations" means the Regulations, for the time being in force, made by the Minister under Section 57 of the Act.

"Tanker" includes all steamers specially constructed for the carriage of liquid cargoes in bulk.

"Surveyor" means a Surveyor appointed by the Assigning Authority.

2. The Interpretation Act, 1923 , applies to the interpretation of these Rules in like manner as it applies to the interpretation of an Act of the Oireachtas and words and expressions defined or established in the Act shall have the same meaning in these Rules as they have in the Act.

PART II SURVEYS

3. Application for load line certificate.—(1) Every application for the issue or renewal of a load line certificate shall be made by or on behalf of the owner of the ship to an Assigning Authority.

(2) Every application for the issue or renewal of a load line certificate in respect of timber freeboards shall be accompanied by such plans as the Assigning Authority may require, showing the fittings and arrangements for stowing and securing timber deck cargoes in accordance with Part VIII of these Rules and the Timber Cargo Regulations.

(3) Every application for the issue or renewal of a load line certificate in respect of tanker freeboards, shall be accompanied by such plans as the Assigning Authority may require, showing the fittings and arrangements provided or to be provided for the purpose of complying with Part IX of these Rules.

(4) On every such application, there shall be paid by the owner the fee prescribed in the First Schedule to these Rules.

4. Load line Survey.—(1) The Assigning Authority shall upon receipt of the application and of the prescribed fee cause the ship be surveyed by a qualified Surveyor as hereinafter provided.

(2) The surveyor shall survey the ship with a view to satisfying himself,

(a) that the material and workmanship of all parts of the hull of the ship are in all respects satisfactory and efficient and that the hull is in good condition internally and externally ;

(b) that the ship (i) if the keel was laid on or after the 1st July, 1932, complies with the Conditions of Assignment to the extent thereby required in her case; (ii) if the keel was laid before the 1st July, 1932, complies with the Conditions of Assignment in principle and also in detail so far as is reasonable and practicable having regard to the efficiency of the protection of openings, the guard-rails, the freeing ports and the means of access to the crew's quarters provided by the arrangements, fittings and appliances existing on the ship at the time of survey; and

(c) in the case of an application for the issue or renewal of a certificate in respect of timber freeboards, that the ship also complies with the provisions of Part VIII of these Rules to the extent thereby required in her case;

(d) in the case of an application for the issue or renewal of a certificate in respect of tanker freeboards, that the ship also complies with the provisions of Part IX of these Rules to the extent thereby required in her case;

(e) in the case of an application for the issue or renewal of a certificate in respect of special steamer freeboards, that the ship also complies with the provisions of Part X of these Rules to the extent thereby required in her case.

(3) On the completion of the survey the Surveyor shall forward to the Assigning Authority a report stating the result of the survey and containing such particulars of the ship as are required by the Assigning Authority to enable them to assign the appropriate freeboards to the ship.

(4) On receipt of the Surveyor's report the Assigning Authority, if satisfied that the ship complies with the appropriate provisions of these Rules to the extent thereby required in her case, shall assign freeboards to the ship in the case of a ship the keel of which was laid after 30th June, 1932, in accordance with such of these Rules as are applicable to the ship or, in the case of a ship the keel of which was laid before 1st July 1932, in accordance with paragraph (c) of sub-section (2) of Section 40 of the Act, and shall furnish the owner with particulars as to the nature of the load lines and of the position in which the deck line and the load lines are to be marked on the ship.

(5) The position of each load line shall be such that the distance measured vertically from the upper edge of the deck line to the upper edge of the load line is equal to the freeboard assigned to the ship which is appropriate to that load line.

5. Annual Survey.—(1) Every application for the survey of a ship under sub-section (4) of Section 45 of the Act for the purpose of seeing whether her load line certificate should remain in force, shall be made by or on behalf of the owner to the Assigning Authority by whom the certificate was issued.

(2) There shall be paid in respect of such survey the fee prescribed in the First Schedule hereto.

(3) The Assigning Authority shall, upon receipt of the application and of the prescribed fee, cause the ship to be surveyed by a qualified Surveyor. The Surveyor shall survey the ship with a view to satisfying himself,

(i) that the fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard-rails, the freeing ports and the means of access to the crew's quarters have been maintained on the ship in as effective a condition as they were in when the certificate was issued; and

(ii) that no material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship which affect the positions of the load lines.

(4) Upon the completion of the survey to the satisfaction of the Surveyor, he shall forward a report thereon to the Assigning Authority and endorse on the certificate a statement that the survey of the ship has been so completed.

PART III LOAD LINE MARKS

6. Marking.—On receiving from the Assigning Authority the particulars as to the deck line and load lines as provided in Rule 4 (4), the owner shall cause to be marked on each side of the ship, to the satisfaction of the Surveyor, the appropriate marks in accordance with this Part of these Rules.

7. Method of Marking.—The disc, lines and letters described in Rule 8 shall be marked in such manner as in the Surveyor's opinion will make them plainly visible. They shall be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground or in black on a light ground, and shall also be carefully cut in or centre-punched on the sides of iron and steel ships, and on wood ships shall be cut into the planking for at least one-eighth of an inch.

8. Marks on Steamers.—A steamer shall be marked on each side with a deck line and load lines as follows:—

(a) A deck line which shall be a horizontal line twelve inches in length and one inch in breadth marked amidships with its upper edge passing through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell. (See figure 1.) Where the deck is partly sheathed amidships, the upper edge of the deck line shall pass through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the actual sheathing at amidships intersects the outer surface of the shell.

(b) A load line disc twelve inches in diameter intersected by a horizontal line eighteen inches in length and one inch in breadth, the upper edge of which passes through the centre of the disc. The disc shall be marked amidships below the deck line.

(c) Horizontal lines nine inches in length and one inch in breadth which extend from, and are at right angles to, a vertical line marked 21 inches forward of the centre of the disc (see figure 1) and which indicate the maximum depth to which the ship may be loaded in different circumstances and in different seasons. These lines are as follows:—

The Summer Load Line indicated by the upper edge of the line which passes through the centre of the disc and also by the upper edge of a line marked S.

The Winter Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked G.

The Winter North Atlantic Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked GAT. This line shall not be marked on a steamer over 330 feet in length not being a tanker or a steamer of special type to which Rule 11 applies.

The Tropical Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked L.

The Fresh Water Load Line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F.

The Tropical Fresh Water Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LF.

9. Marks on Sailing Ships.—A sailing ship shall be marked on each side with a deck line, a load line disc and a Winter North Atlantic load line as provided in Rule 8 and with a Fresh Water load line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. (See figure 2).

10. Timber load lines.—Every steamer to which timber load lines are assigned in accordance with Part VIII of these Rules shall be marked with the following lines in addition to the lines referred to in Rule 8:—

Horizontal lines nine inches in length and one inch in breadth, which extend from, and are at right angles to, a vertical line marked twenty-one inches abaft the centre of the disc (see figure 3) and which indicate the maximum timber load lines in different circumstances and in different seasons. These lines are as follows :—

The Summer Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked CS.

The Winter Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked CG.

The Winter North Atlantic Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked CGAT.

The Tropical Timber Load Line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked CL.

The Fresh Water Timber Load Line in Summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked CF. The Fresh Water Timber

Load Line in the Tropical Zone indicated by the upper edge of a line marked CLF.

11. Marks on tankers and special type steamers.—Every tanker to which a tanker freeboard is assigned in accordance with Part IX of these Rules and every steamer of special type to which a freeboard is assigned in accordance with Part X of these Rules shall be marked with the lines referred to in Rule 8 provided that the Winter North Atlantic load line shall always be marked whatever the length of the steamer.

12. —Marks of Assigning Authority.—For the purpose of indicating the name of the Assigning Authority by whom the freeboards have been assigned, letters measuring about 4½ inches by 3 inches may be marked alongside the disc and above the line through the centre of the disc.

PART IV CERTIFICATES

13. —Form and issue of load line certificates.—Every load line certificate in respect of freeboards assigned to a ship shall be issued by the Assigning Authority by whom those freeboards were assigned and shall be in such one of the forms set out in the Second Schedule to these Rules as is appropriate to the case.

14. —Delivery of certificates.—On the Assigning Authority being satisfied that the ship has been marked to the Surveyor's satisfaction as required by these Rules and that the prescribed fee has been paid, the certificate shall be delivered to the applicant together with a certified copy thereof.

Except where the Assigning Authority is the Minister, a further certified copy shall be sent to the Secretary, Department of Industry and Commerce.

PART V CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT

OPENINGS IN FREEBOARD AND SUPERSTRUCTURE DECKS

15. —Hatchways not protected by superstructures.—The construction and fitting of cargo and other hatchways in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks shall be at least equivalent to the standards laid down in Rules 16 to 22.

16. —Hatchway coamings.—The height of hatchway coamings on freeboard decks shall be at least 24 inches above the deck. The height of coamings on superstructure decks shall be at least 24 inches above the deck if situated within a quarter of the ship's length from the stem, and at least 18 inches if situated elsewhere.

Coamings shall be of steel, shall be substantially constructed and, where required to be 24 inches high, shall be fitted with an efficient horizontal stiffener placed not lower than 10 inches below the upper edge, and with efficient brackets or stays from the stiffener to the deck, at intervals of not more than 10 feet. Where end coamings are protected, the Assigning Authority may modify these requirements.

17. —Hatchway covers.—Covers to exposed hatchways shall be efficient, and where they are made of wood, the finished thickness shall be at least 2 3/8 inches in association with a span of not more than 5 feet. The width of each bearing surface for these hatchway covers shall be at least 2½ inches.

18. —Hatchway beams and fore-and-afters.—Where wood hatchway covers are fitted the hatchway beams and fore-and-afters shall be of the scantlings and spacing given in Table 1 hereinafter contained where coamings 24 inches high are required, and as given in Table 2 hereinafter contained where coamings 18 inches high are required. Angle bar mountings on the upper edge shall extend continuously for the full length of each beam. Wood fore-and-afters shall be steel shod at all bearing surfaces.

TABLE 1.

(Coamings 24 inches in height).

HATCHWAY BEAMS AND FORE-AND-AFTERS FOR SHIPS 200 FEET OR MORE IN LENGTH.*

HATCHWAY BEAMS.

FORE-AND-AFTERS.

Depths for hatchway beams are at the middle of the length and are measured from the top mounting to the lower edge. Depths for fore-and-afters are measured from the under side of the hatch covers to the lower edge. Sizes for intermediate lengths and spacing are obtained by interpolation. Where plates are specified, two angles, of the size given for mountings, are to be fitted at the upper and at the lower part of the beam. Where bulb plates are specified, two angles, of the size given for mountings, are to be fitted at the upper part of the beam or fore-and-after. Where bulb angles are specified, one angle, of the size given for mountings, is to be fitted at the upper part of the section. Where the specified flanges of an angle are of different dimensions, the larger flange is to be horizontal.

* In ships not exceeding 100 feet in length, the depths of beams which are formed of plates and angles may be 60 per cent. of the depths given above; the depths of beams and steel fore-and-afters formed of bulb angle or bulb plate section may be 80 per cent. of the depths given above; the thickness of plates, bulb angles and bulb plates should correspond to the thickness tabulated for the reduced depths with a minimum thickness of ·30 inch; the depths and breadths of wood fore-and-afters may be 80 per cent. of those given in the tables for side fore-and-afters, but the centre fore-and-afters must be not less than 6½ inches wide. In ships between 100 feet and 200 feet in length, the sizes of the beams and fore-and-afters are to be determined by linear interpolation.

TABLE 2.

(Coamings 18 inches in height.)

HATCHWAY BEAMS AND FORE-AND-AFTERS FOR SHIPS 200 FEET OR MORE IN LENGTH.*

HATCHWAY BEAMS.

FORE-AND-AFTERS.

Depths for hatchway beams are at the middle of the length and are measured from the top mounting to the lower edge. Depths for fore-and-afters are measured from the under side of the hatch covers to the lower edge. Sizes for intermediate lengths and spacing are obtained by interpolation. Where plates are specified, two angles, of the sizes given for mountings, are to be fitted at the upper and at the lower part of the beam. Where bulb plates are specified, two angles, of the size given for mountings, are to be fitted at the upper part of the beam or fore-and-after. Where bulb angles are specified, one angle, of the size given for mountings, is to be fitted at the upper part of the section. Where the specified flanges of an angle are of different dimensions, the larger flange is to be horizontal.

* In ships not exceeding 100 feet in length, the depths of beams which are formed of plates and angles may be 60 per cent. of the depths given above; the depths of beams and steel fore-and-afters formed of bulb angle or bulb plate section may be 80 per cent. of the depths given above; the thickness of plates, bulb angles and bulb plates should correspond to the thickness tabulated for the reduced depths with a minimum thickness of ·30 inch; the depths and breadths of wood fore-and-afters may be 80 per cent. of those given in the tables for side fore-and-afters, but the centre fore-and-afters must be not less than 6½ inches wide. In ships between 100 feet and 200 feet in length, the sizes of the beams and fore-and-afters are to be determined by linear interpolation.

19. Carriers or sockets.—Carriers or sockets for hatchway beams and fore-and-afters shall be of steel at least ½ inch thick, and shall have a width of bearing surface of at least 3 inches.

20. Cleats.—Strong cleats at least 2½ inches wide shall be fitted at intervals of not more than 2 feet from centre to centre; the end cleats shall be placed not more than 6 inches from each corner of the hatchway.

21. Battens, wedges and tarpaulins.—(a) Battens and wedges shall be efficient and in good condition.

(b) At least two tarpaulins in good condition, thoroughly waterproofed and of ample strength, shall be provided for each hatchway in an exposed position on freeboard and superstructure decks. The material of the tarpaulins shall be guaranteed free from jute, and the minimum weight of the material, before treatment, shall be 19 ozs. per square yard if to be tarred, 18 ozs. per square yard if to be chemically dressed or 16 ozs. per square yard for black oil dressing.

22. Security of hatchway covers.—At all hatchways in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks ring bolts or other fittings for lashings shall be provided.

Where the breadth of the hatchway exceeds 60 per cent. of the breadth of the deck in way of the hatchway, and the coamings are required to be 24 inches high, fittings for special lashings shall be provided for securing the hatchway covers after the tarpaulins are battened down.

23. Hatchway coamings and closing arrangements within superstructures fitted with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1.—Cargo, coaling and other hatchways in the freeboard deck within superstructures which are fitted with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1 but not less efficient than Class 2 shall have coamings at least 9 inches in height and closing arrangements as effective as those required for exposed cargo hatchways whose coamings are 18 inches high.

Where the closing appliances are less efficient than Class 2, the hatchways shall have coamings at least 18 inches in height, and shall have fittings and closing arrangements as effective as those required for exposed cargo hatchways.

24. Machinery space openings on freeboard and raised quarter decks.—Machinery space openings in exposed positions on freeboard and raised quarter decks shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings of ample strength. Doors in such casings shall be of steel, efficiently stiffened, permanently attached, and capable of being closed and secured from both sides. The sills of openings shall be at least 24 inches above the freeboard deck and at least 18 inches above the raised quarter deck.

Fiddley, funnel and ventilator coamings shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable. Fiddley openings shall have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.

25. Machinery space openings on superstructure decks other than raised quarter decks.—Machinery space openings in exposed positions on superstructure decks other than raised quarter decks shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by strong steel casings. Doors in such casings shall be strongly constructed, permanently attached, and capable of being closed and secured from both sides. The sills of the openings shall be at least 15 inches above superstructure decks.

Fiddley, funnel and ventilator coamings shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable. Fiddley openings shall have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.

26. Machinery space openings within superstructures with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1.—Machinery space openings in the freeboard deck within superstructures which are fitted with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1 shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings. Doors in such casings shall be strongly constructed, permanently attached and capable of being securely closed. The sills of the openings shall be at least 9 inches above the deck where the superstructures are closed by Class 2 closing appliances, and at least 15 inches above the deck where the closing appliances are less efficient than Class 2.

27. Flush bunker scuttles.—(a) Flush bunker scuttles may only be fitted in superstructure decks, except in the case of small ships in special trades when they may be fitted in other positions by permission of the Assigning Authority.

(b) Such scuttles shall be of iron or steel, of substantial construction, with screw or bayonet joints. Where a scuttle is not secured by hinges, a permanent chain attachment shall be provided.

28. Companionways.—Companionways in exposed positions on freeboard decks and on decks of enclosed superstructures shall be of substantial construction. The sills of the doorways shall be of the heights specified for hatchway coamings in Rules 16 and 23. The doors shall be strongly constructed and capable of being closed and secured from both sides. Where the companionway is situated within a quarter of the ship's length from the stem, it shall be of steel and riveted to the deck plating.

29. Ventilators.—(a) Ventilators in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks to spaces below freeboard decks or decks of superstructures which are intact or fitted with Class 1 closing appliances shall have coamings of steel, substantially constructed and efficiently connected to the deck by rivets spaced four diameters apart centre to centre, or by equally effective means. The deck plating at the base of the coaming shall be efficiently stiffened between the deck beams. The ventilator openings shall be provided with efficient closing arrangements.

(b) Where such ventilators are situated on the freeboard deck, or on the superstructure deck within a quarter of the ship's length from the stem, and the closing arrangements of the ventilators are of a temporary character, the coamings shall be at least 36 inches in height; in other exposed positions on the superstructure deck they are to be at least 30 inches in height. Where the coaming of any ventilator exceeds 36 inches in height, it shall be specially supported and secured.

30. Air pipes.—Where the air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above freeboard or superstructure decks, the exposed parts of the pipes shall be of substantial construction; the height from the deck to the opening shall be at least 36 inches in wells on freeboard decks, 30 inches on raised quarter decks, and 18 inches on other superstructure decks. Efficient means shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes.

OPENINGS IN THE SIDES OF SHIPS

31. Gangway, cargo, coaling ports, etc.—Openings in the sides of ships below the freeboard deck shall be fitted with watertight doors or covers which, with their securing appliances, shall be of sufficient strength.

32. Scuppers and sanitary discharge pipes.—(a) Discharges led through the ship's sides from spaces below the freeboard deck shall be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard. Each separate discharge shall have either an automatic non-return valve with a positive means of closing it from a position above the freeboard deck, or two automatic non-return valves without positive means of closing, provided the upper valve is situated so that it is always accessible for examination under service conditions. The positive action valve shall be readily accessible and is to be provided with means for showing whether the valve is open or closed. Cast iron shall not be accepted for such valves where attached to the sides of the ship.

(b) The foregoing provisions of this Rule shall apply to discharges from spaces within enclosed superstructures if, and to the extent that, the Assigning Authority consider necessary having regard to the type and location of the inboard ends of such openings.

(c) Where scuppers are fitted in superstructures not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances they shall have efficient means for preventing the accidental admission of water below the freeboard deck.

33. Side scuttles.—Side scuttles to spaces below the freeboard deck, or to spaces below the superstructure deck of superstructures closed by Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances, shall be fitted with efficient inside deadlights permanently attached in their proper positions so that they can be effectively closed and secured watertight.

Where, however, such spaces in superstructures are appropriated to passengers, other than steerage passengers, or to crew, the side scuttles may have portable deadlights stowed adjacent to the side scuttles, provided they are readily accessible at all times on service.

The side scuttles and deadlights shall be of substantial construction and of types approved by the Minister.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

34. Guard rails.—Efficient guard rails or bulwarks shall be fitted on all exposed portions of freeboard and superstructure decks.

35. Freeing ports.—(a) Where bulwarks on the weather portions of freeboard or superstructure decks form "wells," ample provision shall be made for rapidly freeing the decks of water and for draining them. The minimum freeing port area on each side of the ship for each "well" on freeboard decks and on raised quarter decks shall be that given by the following scale; the minimum area for each well on any superstructure deck other than a raised quarter deck shall be one-half the area given by that scale. Where the length of the well exceeds seven-tenths of the length of the ship as defined in Rule 39 the Assigning Authority may modify that scale. In ships with less than the standard sheer the freeing port area shall be increased as required by the Assigning Authority.

SCALE OF FREEING PORT AREA

(b) The lower edges of the freeing ports shall be as near the deck as practicable and as a general rule shall not be higher than the upper edge of the gunwale bar. Two-thirds of the freeing port area required shall be provided in the midship half of the well.

(c) All such openings in the bulwarks shall be protected by rails or bars spaced about 9 inches apart. If shutters are fitted to freeing ports, ample clearance shall be provided to prevent jamming. Hinges shall have brass pins.

36. Protection of crew.—(a) Gangways, lifelines or other satisfactory means shall be provided for the protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters.

(b) The strength of houses for the accommodation of crew on flush deck steamers shall be equivalent to that required for superstructure bulkheads.

37. Special provision for exceptional ships.—Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part of these Rules, the Assigning Authority may, in any exceptional case, allow departures from the said provisions on condition that the freeboards computed for the ship are increased to such extent as will, in the opinion of the Minister, secure that the protection afforded to the ship and crew is not less effective than it would be if the ship fully complied with the said provisions and there had been no increase of freeboards.

PART VI COMPUTATION OF FREEBOARDS FOR STEAMERS

38. Freeboards for steamers.—Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of sub-section (2) of Section 40 of the Act and subject to the provisions of Rule 37 of these Rules, the freeboards for steamers, other than tankers or steamers of special type to which freeboards are assigned under Parts IX and X of these Rules, shall be computed in accordance with this Part of these Rules.

39. Length.—The length (L) to be used with these Rules is the length in feet on the summer load water-line from the foreside of the stem to the afterside of the rudder post. Where there is no rudder post, the length is measured from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock. For ships with cruiser sterns, the length shall be taken as 96 per cent. of the total length on the designed summer load water-line or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock if that be the greater.

40. Breadth.—The breadth (B) to be used with these Rules is the maximum breadth in feet amidships to the moulded line of the frame in iron or steel ships, and to the outside of the planking in wood or composite ships.

41. Moulded depth.—The moulded depth is the vertical distance in feet, measured amidships, from the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard deck beam at side. In wood and composite ships the distance is measured from the lower edge of the keel rabbet. Where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character, or where thick garboards are fitted, the depth is measured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inwards cuts the side of the keel.

42. Depth for freeboard.—The depth (D) to be used with these rules is the moulded depth plus the thickness of stringer plate, or plus if that be greater, where—

T is the mean thickness of the exposed deck clear of deck openings, and

S is the total length of superstructures as defined in Rule 47.

Where the topsides are of unusual form, D is the depth of a midship section having vertical topsides, standard round of beam and area of topside section equal to that in the actual midship section. Where there is a step or break in the topsides (e.g., as in the Turret Deck ship) 70 per cent. of the area above the step or break is included in the area used to determine the equivalent section.

In a ship without an enclosed superstructure covering at least ·6 L amidships, without a complete trunk or without a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk extending all fore and aft, where D is less than the depth used with the Table set out in Rule 75 shall not be taken as less than .

43. Coefficient of fineness.—The coefficient of fineness (c) to be used with these rules is given by the formula:—

where is the ship's moulded displacement in tons (excluding bossing) at a mean moulded draught d¹ which is 85 per cent. of the moulded depth.

The coefficient (c) shall not be taken as less than ·68.

STRENGTH

44. —(a) The Assigning Authority shall be satisfied with the structural strength of any ship before assigning to it a freeboard. Ships which comply with the highest standard of the rules of a Classification Society recognised for this purpose by the Minister, shall be regarded as having sufficient strength for the minimum freeboards allowed under these Rules.

(b) Ships which do not comply with the highest standard of the rules of a Classification Society recognised as aforesaid shall be assigned such increased freeboards as shall be determined by the Assigning Authority, having regard to the extent to which the ship complies with the following strength moduli:—

(i) Material.—The strength moduli are based on the assumption that the structure is built of mild steel, manufactured by the open hearth process (acid or basic), and having a tensile strength of 26 to 32 tons per square inch, and an elongation of at least 16 per cent. on a length of 8 inches.

Strength Deck.—The strength deck is the uppermost deck which is incorporated into and forms an integral part of the longitudinal girder within the half-length amidships.

Depth to Strength Deck (Ds).—The depth to strength deck is the vertical distance in feet amidships from the top of the keel to the top of the strength deck beam at side.

Draught (d).—The draught is the vertical distance in feet amidships from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc.

(ii) Longitudinal Modulus.—The longitudinal modulus

the moment of inertia I of the midship section about the neutral axis divided by the distance y measured from the neutral axis to the top of the strength deck beam at side, calculated in way of openings but without deductions for rivet holes. Areas are measured in square inches and distances in feet.

Below the strength deck, all continuous longitudinal members other than such parts of the under deck girders as are required entirely for supporting purposes, are included. Above the strength deck, the gunwale angle bar and the extension of the sheerstrake are the only members included.

The required longitudinal modulus for effective material is expressed by the formula f.d.B., where f is the factor obtained from the following table:—

For intermediate lengths, the value of f is determined by interpolation.

This formula applies where L does not exceed 600 feet, B is between and , both inclusive, and is between 10 and 13·5, both inclusive.

(iii) Frame.—For the purpose of the frame modulus, the frame is regarded as composed of a frame angle and a reverse angle each of the same size and thickness.

Frame modulus.—The modulus of the midship frame below the

lowest tier of beams is the moment of inertia I of the frame section about the neutral axis divided by the distance y measured from the neutral axis to the extremity of the frame section, calculated without deduction for rivet and bolt holes. The modulus is measured in inch units.

The required frame modulus is expressed by the formula

where—

s is the frame spacing in inches;

t is the vertical distance in feet measured at amidships from the top of the keel to a point midway between the top of the inner bottom at side and the top of the heel bracket (see figure 4); where there is no double bottom, t is measured to a point midway between the top of the floor at centre and the top of the floor at side;

f₁ is a coefficient depending on H, which, in ships fitted with double bottoms, is the vertical distance in feet from the middle of the beam bracket of the lowest tier of beams at side to a point midway between the top of the inner bottom at side and the top of the heel bracket (see figure 4). Where there is no double bottom, H is measured to a point midway between the top of the floor at centre and the top of the floor at side. Where the frame obtains additional strength from the form of the ship, due allowance is made in the value of f ₁;

f₂ is a coefficient depending on K, which is the vertical distance in feet from the top of the lowest tier of beams at side to a point 7 feet 6 inches above the freeboard deck at side, or, if there is a superstructure, to a point 12 feet 6 inches above the freeboard deck at side (see figure 4). The values of f₁, and f₂ are obtained from the following tables:—

Intermediate values are obtained by interpolation.

This formula applies where D is between 15 feet and 60 feet, both

inclusive, B is between and , both inclusive,

is between 10 and 13·5, both inclusive; and the horizontal distance from the outside of the frame to the centre of the first row of pillars does not exceed 20 feet.

In single deck ships of ordinary form, where H does not exceed 7 3 feet, the frame modulus determined by the preceding method is multiplied by the factor f₃ where

f₃ = ·50 + ·05 (H—8).

Where the horizontal distance from the outside of the frame to the centre of the first row of pillars exceeds 20 feet, sufficient additional strength shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Assigning Authority.

SUPERSTRUCTURES

45. Height of superstructure.—The height of a superstructure is the least vertical height measured from the top of the superstructure deck to the top of the freeboard deck beams minus the difference between D and the moulded depth as defined in Rules 41 and 42.

46. Standard height of superstructure or of a trunk.—The standard height of a raised quarter deck is 3 feet for ships up to and including 100 feet in length, 4 feet for ships 250 feet in length and 6 feet for ships 400 feet in length and above. The standard height of any other superstructure or of a trunk is 6 feet for ships up to and including 250 feet in length and 7 feet 6 inches for ships 400 feet in length and above. The standard height at intermediate lengths is obtained by interpolation.

47. Length of superstructure.—The length of a superstructure (S) is the mean covered length of the parts of the superstructure which extend to the sides of the ship and lie within lines drawn perpendicular to the extremities of the summer load water-line, as defined in Rule 39.

48. Enclosed superstructure.—A detached superstructure is regarded as enclosed only where—

(i) the enclosing bulkheads are of efficient construction as required by Rule 49;

(ii) the access openings in these bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances (as defined in Rules 50 and 51);

(iii) all other openings in sides or ends of the superstructure are fitted with efficient weathertight means of closing; and

(iv) independent means of access to crew, machinery, bunker and other working spaces within bridges and poops are at all times available when the bulkhead openings are closed.

49. Superstructure bulkheads.—Bulkheads at exposed ends of poops, bridges and forecastles are deemed to be of efficient construction where the Assigning Authority are satisfied that, in the circumstances, they are equivalent to the following standard for ships with minimum freeboards, under which standard the stiffeners and plating are of the scantlings given in Table 3 hereinafter contained, the stiffeners are spaced 30 inches apart, the stiffeners on poop and bridge front bulkheads have efficient end connections, and those on after bulkheads of bridges and forecastles extend for the whole distance between the margin angles of the bulkheads.

Exposed Bulkheads of Superstructures of Standard Height.

For ships intermediate in length the thickness of bulkhead plating are obtained by interpolation.

APPLIANCES FOR CLOSING ACCESS OPENINGS IN BULKHEADS AT ENDS OF DETACHED SUPERSTRUCTURES

50. Class 1 closing appliances.—Class 1 closing appliances shall be closing appliances which comply with the following conditions:—They shall be constructed of iron or steel, they shall in all cases be permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, they shall be framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead, and they shall be weathertight when closed. The means for securing these appliances shall be permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the appliances and the latter shall be so arranged that they can be closed and secured from both sides of the bulkhead or from the deck above. The sills of the access openings shall be at least 15 inches above the deck.

51. Class 2 closing appliances.—The following closing appliances shall be Class 2 closing appliances:—

(i) Strongly framed hard wood hinged doors, which are not more than 30 inches wide or less than 2 inches thick;

(ii) Shifting boards fitted for the full heights of the opening in channels riveted to the bulkheads, the shifting boards being at least 2 inches thick where the width of opening is 30 inches or less, and increased in thickness at the rate of 1 inch for each additional 15 inches of width; or

(iii) Portable plates of equal efficiency with the appliances specified in (i) or (ii).

TEMPORARY APPLIANCES FOR CLOSING OPENINGS IN SUPERSTRUCTURE DECKS

52. Temporary closing appliances.—Temporary closing appliances for middle line openings in the deck of an enclosed superstructure shall be regarded as efficient if they consist of—

(i) a steel coaming not less than 9 inches in height efficiently riveted to the deck;

(ii) hatchway covers as required by Rule 17, secured by hemp lashings; and

(iii) hatchway supports as required by Rules 18 and 19 and Table 1 or 2 in Rule 18.

EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF DETACHED SUPERSTRUCTURES

53. For the purpose of determining the effective length of detached superstructures Rules 54 to 59 shall apply.

54. General.—(a) Where exposed bulkheads at the ends of poops, bridges, and forecastles are not of efficient construction (see Rule 49) they shall be treated as non-existent.

(b) Where in the side plating of a superstructure there is an opening not provided with permanent means of closing, the part of the superstructure in way of the opening shall be regarded as having no effective length.

(c) Where the height of a superstructure is less than the standard its length shall be reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height. Where the height exceeds the standard, no increase shall be made in the length of the superstructure.

55. Poop.—(a) Where there is an efficient bulkhead and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, the length of the poop to the bulkhead shall be the effective length.

(b) Where the access openings in an efficient bulkhead are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances and the length of the poop to the bulkhead is ·5 L or less, 100 per cent. of that length shall be the effective length; where the length is ·7 L or more, 90 per cent. of that length shall be the effective length; where the length is between ·5 L and ·7 L an intermediate percentage of that length shall be the effective length; but where in any of these cases an allowance is given for an efficient adjacent trunk (see Rule 59), only 90 per cent. of the length to the bulkhead shall be the effective length.

(c) 50 per cent. of the length of an open poop or of an open extension of a poop beyond an efficient bulkhead shall be the effective length of the open poop or of the extension, as the case may be.

56. Raised quarter deck.—Where there is an efficient intact bulkhead, the length of the raised quarter deck to the bulkhead shall be the effective length. Where the bulkhead is not intact, the superstructure shall be regarded as a poop of less than standard height.

57. Bridge.—(a) Where there is an efficient bulkhead at each end of the bridge and the access openings in the bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length.

(b) Where the access openings in the forward bulkhead are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances and the access openings in the after bulkhead with Class 2 closing appliances, the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length; but where an allowance is given for an efficient trunk adjacent to the after bulkhead (see Rule 59), 90 per cent. of the length shall be the effective length. Where the access openings in both bulkheads are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances, 90 per cent. of the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length. Where the access openings in the forward bulkhead are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances and the access openings in the after bulkhead have no closing appliances, 75 per cent. of the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length. Where the access openings in both bulkheads have no closing appliances, 50 per cent. of the length shall be the effective length.

(c) 75 per cent. of the length of an open extension beyond the after bulkhead, and 50 per cent. of that beyond the forward bulkhead, shall be the effective length.

58. Forecastle.—(a) Where there is an efficient bulkhead and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances, the length of the forecastle to the bulkhead shall be the effective length. Where no closing appliances are fitted and the sheer forward of amidships is not less than the standard sheer, 100 per cent. of the length of the forecastle forward of ·1 L from the forward perpendicular shall be the effective length.

(b) Where the sheer forward is half the standard sheer or less, 50 per cent. of the length shall be the effective length; and where the sheer forward is intermediate between the standard and half the standard sheer, an intermediate percentage of that length shall be the effective length.

(c) 50 per cent. of the length of an open extension beyond the bulkhead or beyond ·1 L from the forward perpendicular shall be the effective length.

59. Trunk.—(a) A trunk or similar structure which does not extend to the sides of the ship shall be regarded as efficient provided that—

(i) the trunk is at least as strong as a superstructure;

(ii) the hatchways are in the trunk deck, and comply with the requirements of Rules 15 to 23, and the width of the trunk deck stringer provides a satisfactory gangway and sufficient lateral stiffness;

(iii) a permanent working platform fore and aft fitted with guard rails is provided by the trunk deck or by detached trunks connected to other superstructures by efficient permanent gangways;

(iv) ventilators are protected by the trunk, by watertight covers or by equivalent means;

(v) open rails are fitted on the weather portions of the freeboard deck in way of the trunk for at least half their length;

(vi) the machinery casings are protected by the trunk, by a superstructure of standard height, or by a deck house of the same height and of equivalent strength.

(b) Where access openings in poop and bridge bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, 100 per cent. of the length of an efficient trunk reduced in the ratio of its mean breadth to B (as defined in Rule 40) shall be added to the effective length of the superstructures. Where the access openings in these bulkheads are not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances 90 per cent. of the length reduced as above shall be added.

(c) Where the height of the trunk is less than the standard height as determined in accordance with Rule 46 the addition referred to in paragraph (b) shall be reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height; where the height of hatchway coamings on the trunk deck is less than the height of coamings required by Rule 16, a reduction from the actual height of trunk shall be made corresponding to the difference between the actual height of the coamings and the height required by Rule 16.

EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF ENCLOSED SUPERSTRUCTURES WITH MIDDLE LINE OPENINGS

60. Enclosed superstructures having middle line openings, without permanent means of closing.—Where there is an enclosed superstructure with one or more middle line openings in the deck not provided with permanent means of closing in accordance with Rules 15 to 22, the effective length of the superstructure is determined as follows:—

(i) Where efficient temporary closing appliances are not provided for the middle line deck openings in accordance with Rule 52, or the breadth of opening is 80 per cent. or more of the breadth (B₁) of the superstructure deck at the middle of the opening, the ship shall be regarded as having an open well in way of each opening, and freeing ports shall be provided in way of this well. The effective length of superstructure between openings shall be ascertained by applying Rules 55, 57 and 58.

(ii) Where efficient temporary closing appliances as defined in Rule 52 are provided for middle line deck openings and the breadth of opening is less than ·8 B₁, the effective length of superstructure between openings shall be ascertained by applying Rules 55, 57 and 58, except that where access openings in 'tween deck bulkheads are closed by Class 2 closing appliances, they shall be regarded as being closed by Class 1 closing appliances. The total effective length shall be obtained by adding to the length thus determined the difference between that length and the length of the ship, modified in the ratio of—

where b = breadth of deck opening;

where is greater than ·5 it is taken as ·5.

DEDUCTIONS FOR SUPERSTRUCTURES

61. Deductions.—Where the effective length of superstructures is 1·0 L, the deduction from the freeboard shall be 14 inches at 80 feet length of ship, 34 inches at 280 feet length, and 42 inches at 400 feet length and above; deductions at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by interpolation. Where the total effective length of superstructures is less than 1·0 L, the deduction shall be a percentage obtained from the following Table:

*Where the effective length of a detached bridge is less than ·2 L the percentages are obtained by interpolation between lines B and A.

Where no forecastle is fitted the above percentages are reduced by 5.

Percentages for intermediate lengths of superstructures are obtained by interpolation.

SHEER

62. General.—The sheer shall be measured from the deck at side to a line of reference drawn parallel to the keel through the sheer line at amidships.

In flush deck ships and in ships with detached superstructures the sheer shall be measured at the freeboard deck.

In ships with topsides of unusual form in which there is a step or break in the topsides, the sheer shall be considered in relation to the equivalent depth amidships determined in accordance with Rule 42.

In ships with a superstructure of standard height which extends over the whole length of the freeboard deck, the sheer shall be measured at the superstructure deck; where the height exceeds the standard, the sheer may be considered in relation to the standard height.

Where a superstructure is intact or access openings in its enclosing bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, and the superstructure deck has at least the same sheer as the exposed freeboard deck, the sheer of the enclosed portion of the freeboard deck shall not be taken into account.

63. Standard sheer profile.—The ordinates (in inches) of the standard sheer profile are given in the following Table, where L is the number of feet in the length of the ship:—

A.P. = After end of summer load water-line. F.P. = Fore end of summer load water-line.

64. Measurement of variations from standard sheer profile.—(a) Where the sheer profile differs from the standard, the seven ordinates of each profile shall be multiplied by the appropriate factors given in the table of ordinates. The difference between the sums of the respective products, divided by 18, measures the deficiency or excess of sheer.

(b) Where the after half of the sheer profile is greater than the standard and the forward half is less than the standard, no credit shall be allowed for the part in excess.

(c) Where the forward half of the sheer profile exceeds the standard, and the after portion of the sheer profile is not less than 75 per cent. of the standard, credit shall be allowed for the part in excess; where the after part is less than 50 per cent. of the standard no credit shall be given for the excess sheer forward. Where the after sheer is between 50 per cent. and 75 per cent. of the standard, an intermediate allowance may be granted for excess sheer forward.

65. Correction for variations from standard sheer profile.—The correction for sheer shall be the deficiency or excess of sheer determined in accordance with Rule 64, multiplied by ·75— where S is the total length of superstructure, as defined in Rule 47.

66. Addition for deficiency in sheer.—Where the sheer is less than the standard, the correction for deficiency in sheer, determined in accordance with Rule 65, shall be added to the freeboard.

67. Deduction for excess sheer.—In flush deck ships and in ships where an enclosed superstructure covers ·1 L before and ·1 L abaft amidships, the correction for excess of sheer determined in accordance with Rule 65, shall be deducted from the freeboard; in ships with detached superstructures where no enclosed superstructure covers amidships, no deduction shall be made from the freeboard; where an enclosed superstructure covers less than ·1 L before and ·1 L abaft amidships, the deduction shall be obtained by interpolation. The maximum deduction for excess sheer shall be 1½ inches at 100 feet length of ship and shall increase at the rate of 1½ inches for each additional 100 feet in the length of the ship.

ROUND OF BEAM

68. Standard round of beam.—The standard round of beam of the freeboard deck is one-fiftieth of the breadth of the ship.

69. Round of beam correction.—Where the round of beam of the freeboard deck is greater or less than the standard, the freeboard shall be decreased or increased respectively by one-fourth of the difference between the actual and the standard round of beam, multiplied by the proportion of the length of the freeboard deck not covered by enclosed superstructures. Twice the standard round of beam is the maximum for which allowance may be given.

MINIMUM FREEBOARDS

70. Summer freeboard.—The minimum freeboard in summer shall be the freeboard derived from the Freeboard Table set out in Rule 75 after correction for departures from the standards and after deduction for superstructures in accordance with these Rules, so however that if the freeboard, calculated in accordance with these Rules but before the correction required by Note (v) appended to the Table is made, be less than two inches, two inches shall be substituted therefor.

71. Tropical freeboard.—The minimum freeboard in the Tropical Zone shall be the freeboard obtained by a deduction from the summer freeboard of ¼ inch per foot of summer draught measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the load line disc, so however that if the freeboard, calculated in accordance with these Rules but before the correction required by Note (v) appended to the Table set out in Rule 75 is made, be less than two inches, two inches shall be substituted therefor.

72. Winter freeboard.—The minimum freeboard in Winter shall be the freeboard obtained by an addition to the Summer freeboard of ¼ inch per foot of Summer draught, measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the load line disc.

73. Winter North Atlantic freeboard.—The minimum Winter North Atlantic freeboard for steamers not exceeding 330 feet in length shall be the Winter freeboard plus two inches; for steamers over 330 feet in length the minimum Winter North Atlantic freeboard shall be the Winter freeboard.

74. Fresh water freeboard.—The minimum freeboard in fresh water of unit density shall be the freeboard obtained by deducting from the minimum freeboard in salt water inches, where

= displacement in salt water in tons at the summer load water-line, and

T = tons per inch immersion in salt water at the summer load water-line.

Where the displacement at the summer load water-line cannot be certified, the deduction shall be ¼ inch per foot of summer draught measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc.

75. Freeboard Table for steamers.—

Basic Minimum Summer Freeboards for Steamers which comply with the Standards laid down in these Rules.

(i) The minimum freeboards for flush deck steamers shall be obtained by an addition to the above Table at the rate of 1½ inches for every 100 feet of length.

(ii) The freeboards at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by interpolation.

(iii) Where c exceeds ·68, the freeboard shall be multiplied by the factor c + ·68/1·36

(iv) Where D exceeds the freeboard shall be increased by

than 390 feet, and 3 at 390 feet length and above.

In a ship with an enclosed superstructure covering at least ·6 L amidships, or with a complete trunk, or with a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk which extends all fore and aft, where D is less than , the freeboard shall be reduced at the above rate. Where the height of superstructures or trunk is less than the standard height, as determined in accordance with Rule 46, the reduction shall be modified in the ratio which the actual height bears to the standard height.

(v) Where the actual depth to the surface of the freeboard deck amidships is greater or less than D, the difference between these two depths (in inches) shall be added to or deducted from the freeboard as the case may be.

PART VII COMPUTATION OF FREEBOARD FOR SAILING SHIPS

76. Computation of freeboard.—Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of sub-section (2) of Section 40 of the Act and subject to the provisions of Rule 37 and of Rules 77 to 83 of these Rules, freeboards for sailing ships shall be computed from the Freeboard Table for Sailing Ships contained in Rule 82 in the same manner as the freeboards for steamers are computed from the Freeboard Table for Steamers contained in Rule 75.

77. Depth for freeboard (D).—In sailing ships having a greater rate of rise of floor than 1½ inches per foot, the vertical distance from the top of keel referred to in Rule 41 shall be reduced by half the difference between the total rise of floor at the half-breadth of the ship and the total rise at 1½ inches per foot. 2½ inches per foot of half-breadth is the maximum rate of rise for which a deduction may be made.

Where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character or thick garboards are fitted, the depth shall be measured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inwards cuts the side of the keel.

The depth used with the Freeboard Table shall be taken as not less than

78. Coefficient of fineness.—The coefficient of fineness (c) used with the Freeboard Table contained in Rule 82 shall be taken as not less than ·62 and not greater than ·72.

79. Superstructures in wood ships.—In wood ships the Assigning Authority shall satisfy themselves as to the efficiency of the construction and closing arrangements of superstructures for which deductions are made from the freeboard.

80. Deductions for superstructures.—Where the effective length of superstructures is 1·0 L, the deduction from the freeboard shall be 3 inches at 80 feet length of ship, and 28 inches at 330 feet length and above; deductions at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by interpolation. Where the total effective length of superstructures is less than 1·0 L, the deduction shall be a percentage obtained from the following Table:—

* Where the effective length of Bridge is less than ·2 L, the percentages are obtained by interpolation between lines B and A. Percentages for intermediate lengths of superstructures are obtained by interpolation.

81. Minimum freeboards.—No addition to the freeboard shall be required for Winter freeboard, nor shall a deduction be permitted for Tropical freeboard.

An increase in freeboard of 3 inches shall be made for the Winter North Atlantic freeboard.

In computing the Fresh Water freeboard for a wood ship, the draught shall be measured from the lower edge of the rabbet of the keel to the centre of the load line disc.

82. Freeboard Table for sailing ships.    ,

MINIMUM SUMMER, WINTER AND TROPICAL FREEBOARDS FOR IRON AND STEEL FLUSH DECK SAILING SHIPS, WHICH COMPLY WITH THE STANDARDS LAID DOWN IN THE RULES.

(i) The freeboards at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by interpolation.

(ii) Where c exceeds ·62, the freeboard shall be multiplied by the factor

(iii) Where D exceeds the freeboard shall be increased by

x inches.

(iv) Where the actual depth to the surface of the freeboard deck amidships is greater or less than D, the difference between these two depths (in inches) shall be added to or deducted from the freeboard, as the case may be.

83. Freeboard for wood sailing ships.—The freeboard for a wood sailing ship shall be the minimum freeboard which would be assigned to the ship if she were of iron or steel, with the addition of such amount of freeboard as the Assigning Authority may determine, having regard to the classification, construction, age and condition of the ship.

PART VIII FREEBOARDS FOR STEAMERS CARRYING TIMBER DECK CARGOES

84. Assignment of timber freeboards.—Timber freeboards shall be assigned to a steamer if the steamer, being otherwise entitled to have freeboards assigned to her, complies with this Part of these Rules to the extent thereby required in her case.

SUPPLEMENTARY CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT

85. Construction.—The structure of the steamer shall be of sufficient strength for the deeper draught allowed and for the weight of the deck cargo.

86. Superstructures.—The steamer shall have a forecastle of at least standard height and at least 7 per cent. of the length of the ship, and, in addition, a poop, or a raised quarter deck with a strong steel hood or deck house fitted aft.

Provided that a steamer the keel of which was laid before the 1st July, 1932, need comply with the foregoing provisions of this Rule only so far as, in the opinion of the Assigning Authority, is reasonable and practicable.

87. Machinery casings.—Machinery casings on the freeboard deck shall be protected by a superstructure of at least standard height, unless the machinery casings are of sufficient strength and height to permit of the carriage of timber alongside.

88. Double bottom tanks.—Double bottom tanks where fitted within the midship half length of the steamer shall have adequate longitudinal subdivision.

89. Bulwarks.—The steamer shall be fitted either with permanent bulwarks at least 3 feet 3 inches high, specially stiffened on the upper edge and supported by strong bulwark stays attached to the deck in the way of the beams and provided with necessary freeing ports, or with efficient rails at least 3 feet 3 inches high and of specially strong construction.

90. Steering arrangements.—Steering arrangements shall be effectively protected from damage by cargo, and, as far as practicable, shall be accessible. Efficient provision shall be made for steering in the event of a breakdown in the main steering arrangements.

91. Lashings.—Eye plates for lashings shall be riveted to the sheerstrake at intervals of not more than 10 feet, the distance from an end bulkhead of a superstructure to the first eye plate being not more than 6 feet 6 inches. Additional eye plates may be fitted on the stringer plate.

COMPUTATION OF FREEBOARD

92. Computation of freeboard.—Where the Assigning Authority are satisfied that the steamer is suitable and that the conditions and arrangements are at least equal to the foregoing requirements for the carriage of timber deck cargo, the Summer freeboards computed in accordance with the Rules and Tables in Part VI may be modified to give special timber freeboards, by substituting the following percentages for those in Rule 61.

Total Effective Length of Superstructures (E)

The Winter Timber freeboard shall be obtained by adding to the Summer Timber freeboard one-third of an inch per foot of the moulded Summer Timber draught.

The Winter North Atlantic Timber freeboards shall be identical with the Winter North Atlantic freeboards prescribed in Rule 73. The Tropical Timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the Summer Timber freeboard one-quarter of an inch per foot of the moulded Summer Timber draught.

93. Special provisions as regards steamers constructed before the 1st July, 1932.—In the case of a steamer the keel of which was laid before the 1st July, 1932, which does not fully comply with the requirements of Rule 86, the Assigning Authority shall make such addition to the freeboard as may be considered reasonable by the Minister having regard to the extent to which the steamer falls short of full compliance with those requirements.

PART IX FREEBOARDS FOR TANKERS

94. Assignment of tanker freeboards.—Tanker freeboards shall be assigned to a ship, being a tanker, if the ship complies with the Conditions of Assignment and also complies with this Part of these Rules to the extent thereby required in her case.

SUPPLEMENTARY CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT

95. Construction of ship.—The structure of the ship shall be of sufficient strength for the increased draught corresponding to the freeboard assigned.

96. Forecastle.—The ship shall have a forecastle of which the length is not less than 7 per cent. of the length of the ship and the height is not less than the standard height.

Provided that a ship the keel of which was laid before the 1st July, 1932, need comply with the foregoing provisions of this Rule only so far as, in the opinion of the Assigning Authority, is reasonable and practicable.

97. Machinery casings.—The openings in machinery casings on the freeboard deck shall be fitted with steel doors. The casings shall be protected by an enclosed poop or bridge of at least standard height, or by a deck house of equal height and of equivalent strength. The bulkheads at the ends of these structures shall be of the scantlings required for bridge front bulkheads. All entrances to the structures from the freeboard deck shall be fitted with effective closing appliances and the sills shall be at least 18 inches above the deck. Exposed machinery casings on the superstructure deck are to be of substantial construction, and all openings in them shall be fitted with steel closing appliances permanently attached to the casings and capable of being closed and secured from both sides; the sills of such openings shall be at least 15 inches above the deck. Fiddley openings shall be as high above the superstructure deck as is reasonable and practicable and shall have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.

Provided that a ship the keel of which was laid before the 1st July, 1932, need comply with the foregoing provisions of this Rule only so far as, in the opinion of the Assigning Authority, is reasonable and practicable.

98. Gangway.—An efficiently constructed permanent gangway of sufficient strength for its exposed position shall be fitted fore and aft at the level of the superstructure deck between the poop and midship bridge, and when any of the crew are berthed forward, from the bridge to the forecastle, unless other equivalent means of access are provided to carry out the purpose of the gangway, such as passages below deck.

99. Protection of crew, access to machinery space, etc.—Safe and satisfactory access from the gangway level to the quarters of the crew, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship, shall be available at all times. This rule does not apply to pump rooms if suitable means of access are provided from the freeboard deck, and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances.

100. Hatchways.—All hatchways on the freeboard deck and on the deck of expansion trunks shall be closed watertight by efficient steel covers.

101. Ventilators.—Ventilators to spaces below the freeboard deck shall be of ample strength or shall be protected by superstructures or by equally efficient means.

102. Freeing arrangements.—Ships with bulwarks shall have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the exposed portion of the weather deck or such other freeing arrangements as are in the opinion of the Assigning Authority effective for the purpose of freeing the decks of water. The upper edge of the sheerstrake shall be kept as low as practicable, and as a general rule shall not be higher than the upper edge of the gunwale bar.

Where superstructures are connected by trunks, open rails shall be fitted for the whole length of the weather portions of the freeboard deck.

Provided that a ship the keel of which was laid before the 1st July, 1932, need comply with the foregoing provisions of this Rule only so far as, in the opinion of the Assigning Authority, is reasonable and practicable.

COMPUTATION OF FREEBOARD

103. Computation of freeboard.—Where the Assigning Authority are satisfied that the foregoing requirements are fulfilled, they shall compute the freeboards in accordance with Part VI of these Rules subject to the provisions of Rules 104 to 106 and to the substitution of the Table set out in Rule 107 for the Table set out in Rule 75; provided, however, that no addition shall be made under Note (i) appended to the Table in Rule 75 in respect of a flush deck steamer.

104. Deduction for detached superstructures.—When the total effective length of superstructure is less than 1·0 L, the deduction shall be the percentage of the deduction for a superstructure of length 1·0 L, obtained from the following Table:—

Total Effective Length of Superstructures

105. Deduction for excess sheer.—`—Where the sheer is greater than the standard, the correction for excess sheer as determined under Rule 65 shall be deducted from the freeboard for all tankers. Rule 67 shall not apply except that the maximum deduction for excess sheershall be 1½ inches at 100 feet length of ship and shall increase at the rate of 1½ inches for each additional 100 feet in the length of the ship.

106. Winter North Atlantic freeboard.—The minimum Winter North Atlantic freeboard shall be the Winter freeboard plus an addition at the rate of 1 inch per 100 feet in length.

107. Freeboard Table for tankers.—

FREEBOARD TABLE FOR TANKERS

The freeboards for ships above 600 feet shall be determined by the Minister.

108. Special provisions as regards steamers constructed before the 1st July, 1932.—In the case of any ship the keel of which was laid before the 1st July, 1932, which does not fully comply with the requirements of Rules 96, 97 and 102, the Assigning Authority shall make such addition to the freeboard as may be considered reasonable by the Minister, having regard to the extent to which the ship falls short of full compliance with those requirements.

PART X SPECIAL STEAMER FREEBOARDS

109. Provisions for steamers of special type.—In the case of steamers of special type over 300 feet in length possessing constructional features similar to those of a tanker which, in the opinion of the Minister, afford extra invulnerability against the sea, a reduction in the freeboard computed for steamers under Part VI may be granted.

The amount of such reduction shall be determined by the Minister with reference to the freeboard assigned to tankers, having regard to the extent to which the steamer complies with the Conditions of Assignment and with the requirements of Part IX of these Rules and the degree of subdivision provided in the ship, but the freeboard assigned to such a ship shall in no case be less than the freeboard which would be assigned to her if she were a tanker.

PART XI LOAD LINES

110. Steamers.—(i) This Rule shall apply to all steamers other than steamers to which Rule 112 applies.

(ii) Summer Load Line.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies is entitled to be loaded while within:—

(a) The Summer Zone as defined in the First Part of the Third Schedule hereto, and

(b) the areas set out in the first column of the Second and Third Parts of the said Schedule during the periods set out respectively opposite to such areas in the second column of the said Second and Third Parts of the said Schedule,

shall be the depth indicated by the Summer load line.

(iii) Winter Load Line.—Save as is hereinafter provided, the maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies is entitled to be loaded while within the areas set out in the first column of the Second Part of the Third Schedule hereto and during the periods set out respectively opposite to such areas in the third column of the said Second Part of the said Schedule shall be the depth indicated by the Winter load line.

Provided that in the case of a steamer required to be marked with a Winter North Atlantic load line under Part III of these Rules, the maximum depth in salt water to which such steamer is entitled to be loaded whilst engaged on a voyage across the North Atlantic Ocean within the areas numbered 1 and 2 in the first column of the said Second Part of the said Schedule during the periods set out respectively opposite to those areas in the third column to the said Second Part of the said Schedule shall be the depth indicated by such Winter North Atlantic load line.

(iv) Tropical Load Line.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies is entitled to be loaded while within:—

(a) the Tropical Zone as defined in the First Part of the Third Schedule hereto, and

(b) the areas set out in the first column of the Third Part of the Third Schedule hereto during the periods respectively set out opposite those areas in the third column of the said Third Part,

shall be the depth indicated by the Tropical load line.

111. Sailing ships.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a sailing ship is entitled to be loaded is the depth indicated by the upper edge of the line which passes through the centre of the disc, except when engaged on a voyage across the North Atlantic Ocean within the areas numbered 1 and 2 in the first column of the Second Part of the Third Schedule hereto, during the periods set out respectively opposite to those areas in the third column of the said Second Part of the said Schedule, in which case it shall be the depth indicated by the Winter North Atlantic load line.

112. Steamers carrying timber deck cargoes.—(i) This Rule shall apply to all steamers marked with Timber load lines in accordance with Part VIII of these Rules and carrying a deck cargo of timber in compliance with the Timber Cargo Regulations.

(ii) Summer Timber Load Line.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies is entitled to be loaded while within:—

(a) The Summer Zone as defined in the First Part of the Third Schedule hereto, and

(b) the areas set out in the first column of the Second and Third Parts of the said Schedule during the periods respectively set out opposite to such areas in the second column of the Second and Third Parts of the said Schedule,

shall be the depth indicated by the Summer Timber load line.

(iii) Winter Timber Load Line.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies other than a steamer to which paragraph (iv) of this Rule applies, is entitled to be loaded while within the areas set out in the first column of the Second Part of the Third Schedule hereto during the periods respectively set out opposite to such areas in the third column of the said Second Part of the said Schedule, shall be the depth indicated by the Winter Timber load line.

(iv) Winter North Atlantic Timber Load Line.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies is entitled to be loaded whilst engaged on a voyage across the North Atlantic Ocean within the areas numbered 1 and 2 in the first column of the Second Part of the said Schedule, during the periods set out respectively opposite to those areas in the third column of the said Second Part, shall be the depth indicated by the Winter North Atlantic Timber load line.

(v) Tropical Timber Load Line.—The maximum depth in salt water to which a steamer to which this Rule applies is entitled to be loaded while within:—

(a) the Tropical Zone as defined in the First Part of the Third Schedule hereto, and

(b) the areas set out in the first column of the Third Part of the said Schedule during the periods respectively set opposite those areas in the third column of the said Third Part,

shall be the depth indicated by the Tropical Timber load line.

113. Boundary ports.—In the application of the foregoing Rules 110 to 112 to a ship at a port which is to be treated under the Third Schedule hereto as being on the boundary between two zones, two areas or a zone and an area, the ship shall be deemed to be in the zone or area into which she is about to proceed or from which she has arrived, as the case may be.

Given under the Official Seal of the Minister for Industry and Commerce, this 4th day of January. in the year 1935.

JOHN LEYDON,

Secretary,

Department of Industry and Commerce.

First Schedule:

FEES.

Application of Fees

(1) In the case of the survey of a classed ship for the renewal of the load line certificate, the fee in column 2 will be charged if the renewal is carried out concurrently with a Special Survey for classification purposes for which a fee is charged. Otherwise the fee will be 50 per cent. of that in column 1.

(2)—(a) In the case of an unclassed steamer, which is being surveyed for the issue of a passenger or safety certificate, half the fee stated in column 4 will be charged if the survey for the issue or renewal of the load line certificate is carried out concurrently with that for the passenger or safety certificate.

(b) If the load line certificate is issued by the Minister and the annual load line survey is made at the same time as the survey for the issue of a passenger or safety certificate, no fee will be charged under column 3 or column 6.

(3) Where minor alterations have been made to a ship having a load line certificate in force, which involve an alteration of the freeboard but do not require a full survey, the fee in column 2 will be charged.

Second Schedule.

FORMS OF LOADLINE CERTIFICATE

NOTE:— Where sea going steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea.

*Or other letters indicating name of Assigning Authority authorised by the Minister. (See Rules 1 and 12).

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

NOTES.

1. This Certificate must be kept framed and posted in same conspicuous part of the ship as long as it remains in force, and the ship is in use.

2. The Winter North Atlantic Load Lines apply for voyages across the North Atlantic, North of latitude 36° N., during the Winter months as defined in the Load Line Rules.

The periods during which the other seasonal load-lines apply in different parts of the world are as stated in the Load Line Rules.

3. This Certificate will be cancelled by the Minister for Industry and Commerce if—

(a) Material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship which affect the position of the load lines; or

(b) The fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing ports or the means of access to the crew's quarters have not been maintained on the ship in as effective a condition as they were in when the Certificate was issued; or

(c) the periodical survey is not made as required by the Load Line Rules.

4. Where this Certificate has expired or been cancelled, it must be delivered up to the Assigning Authority, and the ship may be detained until such requirement has been complied with, and if any owner or master failed without reasonable cause to comply with such requirement, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds.

*Or other letters indicating name of Assigning Authority authorised by the Minister. (See Rules 1 and 12).

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

Notes.

1. This Certificate must be kept framed and posted in some conspicuous part of the ship as long as it remains in force, and the ship is in use

2. The Winter North Atlantic Load Line applies for voyages across the North Atlantic, North of latitude 36° N., during the Winter months as defined in the Load Line Rules.

The upper edge of the line through the centre of the disc applies for all other voyages

3. This Certificate will be cancelled by the Minister for Industry and Commerce if—

(a) Material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship which affect the position of the load lines; or

(b) The fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing ports or the means of access to the crew's quarters have not been maintained on the ship in as effective a condition as they were in when the Certificate was issued, or

(c) the periodical survey is not made as required by the Load Line Rules.

4. Where this Certificate has expired or been cancelled, it must be delivered up to the Assigning Authority, and the ship may be detained until such requirement has been complied with, and if any owner or master fails without reasonable cause to comply with such requirement, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds.

The following load lines are applicable only when the ship is carrying a timber deck cargo and complies with all the provisions of the Timber Cargo Regulations.

This is to certify that this ship has been surveyed and the freeboards and load lines shown above have been assigned in accordance with the Convention.

NOTE.—Where sea going steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc. required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea

*Or other letters indicating name of Assigning Authority authorised by the Minister. (See Rules 1 and 12)

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

NOTES.

1. This Certificate must be kept framed and posted in some conspicuous part of the ship as long as it remains in force, and the ship is in use

2. The Winter North Atlantic Load Lines apply for voyages across the North Atlantic, North of latitude 36° N., during the Winter months as defined in the Load Line Rules

The upper edge of the line through the centre of the disc applies for all other voyages

The periods during which the other seasonal load-lines apply in different parts of the world are as stated in the Load Line Rules

3. This Certificate will be cancelled by the Minister for Industry and Commerce if—

(a) Material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship which affect the position of the load lines, or

(b) The fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing ports or the means of access to the crew's quarters have not been maintained on the ship in as effective a condition as they were in when the Certificate was issued, or

(c) the periodical survey is not made as required by the Load Line Rules.

4. Where this Certificate has expired or been cancelled, it must be delivered up to the Assigning Authority, and the ship may be detained until such requirement has been complied with, and if any owner or master fails without reasonable cause to comply with such requirement, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds.

This is to certify that this ship has been surveyed and the freeboards and load lines shown above have been assigned in accordance with the Merchant Shipping (Safety and Load Line Conventions) Act, 1933 .

.

NOTE:—Where sea going steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

NOTES.

1. This Certificate must be kept framed and posted in some conspicuous part of the ship as long as it remains in force, and the ship is in use.

2. The Winter North Atlantic Load Lines apply for voyages across the North Atlantic, North of latitude 36° N., during the Winter months as defined in the Load Line Rules.

The upper edge of the line through the centre of the disc applies for all other voyages

The periods during which the other seasonal load-lines apply in different parts of the world are as stated in the Load Line Rules.

3. This Certificate will be cancelled by the Minister for Industry and Commerce if—

(a) Material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship which affect the position of the load lines; or

(b) The fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing ports or the means of access to the crew's quarters have not been maintained on the ship in as effective a condition as they were in when the Certificate was issued; or

(c) the periodical survey is not made as required by the Load Line Rules.

4. Where this Certificate has expired or been cancelled, it must be delivered up to the Assigning Authority, and the ship may be detained until such requirement has been complied with, and if any owner or master fails without reasonable cause to comply with such requirement, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds.

This is to certify that this ship has been surveyed and the freeboards and load lines shown above have been assigned in accordance with the Merchant Shipping (Safety and Load Line Conventions) Act, 1933 .

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

I have surveyed this ship for the purpose of seeing whether this Certificate should remain in force and the Survey has been completed to my satisfaction.

NOTES.

1. This Certificate must be kept framed and posted in some conspicuous part of the ship as long as it remains in force, and the ship is in use.

2. The Winter North Atlantic Load Line applies for voyages across the North Atlantic, North of latitude 36° N., during the Winter months as defined in the Load Line Rules.

The upper edge of the line through the centre of the disc applies for all other voyages

3. This Certificate will be cancelled by the Minister for Industry and Commerce if—

(a) Material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship which affect the position of the load lines; or

(b) The fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing ports or the means of access to the crew's quarters have not been maintained on the ship in as effective a condition as they were in when the Certificate was issued; or

(c) the periodical survey is not made as required by the Load Line Rules.

4. Where this Certificate has expired or been cancelled, it must be delivered up to the Assigning Authority, and the ship may be detained until such requirement has been complied with, and if any owner or master fails without reasonable cause to comply with such requirement, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds.

Third Schedule.

ZONES AND SEASONAL AREAS.

FIRST PART.

Summer and Tropical Zones.

1. The Summer Zone shall consist of the two following areas:—

(i) the area bounded (a) on the North by a line drawn from the east coast of North America along the parallel of 36°N. to Tarifa in Spain; from the east coast of Korea along the parallel of 35°N. to the west coast of Honshiu, Japan; from the east coast of Honshiu along the parallel of 35°N. to long. 150°W., and thence along a rhumb line to the west coast of Vancouver Island at lat. 50°N., and (b) on the south by a line drawn from Cape Catoche in the Yucatan to Cape San Antonio in Cuba; along the South Cuban coast to lat. 20°N., and along the parallel of 20°N. to the west coast of Africa; from the port of Hong Kong along a rhumb line to the port of Sual (Luzon Island), and along the west coast of the Islands of Luzon, Samar and Leyte to the parallel of 10°N. thence along the parallel of 10°N. to long. 145°E. thence north to lat. 13°N. and thence along the parallel of 13°N. to long. 160°E. thence along the meridian of 160°E. to lat. 25°N. thence along the parallel of 25°N. to long. 130°W. thence south along the meridian of 130°W. to lat. 13°N. thence along the parallel of 13°N. to long. 105°W. thence along a rhumb line to the point lat 30°N. long 120°W. and from that point along the meridian to the Californian coast.

(ii) the area bounded (a) on the north by a line from the east coast of South America along the Tropic of Capicorn to the west coast of Africa; from the east coast of Africa along the parallel of 20°S. to the west coast of Madagascar, thence along the west and north coast of Madagascar to long. 50°E. thence north to lat. 10°S, thence along the parallel of 10°S. to long. 110°E. thence along a rhumb line to Port Darwin, Australia, thence along the north and north-east coast of Australia to lat. 20°S. thence along the parallel of 20°S. to long 175°E. thence along the meridian of 175°E. to lat 11°S. thence along the parallel of 11°S. to long. 150°W. thence south along the meridian of 150°W. to lat. 20°S. thence along the parallel of 20°S. to a point where that parallel meets the rhumb line drawn from lat. 11°S. long. 150°W. to lat. 26°S. long. 75°W. thence along that rhumb line to the latter point and thence along the rhumb line to the west coast of South America at lat. 30°S.; and (b) on the south by a line drawn from the east coast of South America along the parallel of 40°S. to long. 56°W. thence along a rhumb line to the point lat. 34°S. long. 50°W. thence along the parallel of 34°S. to the west coast of South Africa; from the east coast of South Africa at lat. 30°S. along a rhumb line to the west coast of Australia at lat. 35°S. thence along the south coast of Australia to Cape Arid thence along a rhumb line to Cape Grim, Tasmania, thence along the north coast of Tasmania to Eddystone Point thence along a rhumb line to the west coast of South Island, New Zealand, at long. 170°E. thence along the west, south and east coasts of South Island to Cape Saunders thence along a rhumb line to the point lat. 33°S. long. 170°W. and thence along the parallel of 33°S. to the west coast of South America.

2. The Tropical Zone shall consist of

(i) the area bounded (a) on the North by a line drawn from the east coast of South America at lat. 10°N. along the parallel of 10°N. to long. 20°W. thence north along the meridian to lat. 20°N. and thence along the parallel of 20°N. to the west coast of Africa; from the east coast of Africa at lat. 8°N. along the parallel to the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, following thence the coast of Malaya and Siam to the east coast of Cochin China at lat. 10°N. thence along the parallel of 10°N. to long. 145°E. thence north along the meridian to lat. 13°N. and thence along the parallel of 13°N. to the west coast of Central America; and (b) on the South by a line drawn from the east coast of South America along the Tropic of Capricorn to the west coast of Africa; from the east coast of Africa along the parallel of 20°S. to the west coast of Madagascar thence along the west and north coasts of Madagascar to long. 50°E. thence north to lat. 10°S. thence along the parallel of 10°S. to long. 110°E. thence along a rhumb line to Port Darwin, Australia, thence eastwards along the coast of Australia and Wessel Island to Cape Wessel thence along the parallel of 11°S. to the west side of Cape York; from the east side of Cape York at lat. 11°S. along the parallel of 11°S. to long. 150°W. thence along a rhumb line to the point lat. 26°S. long. 75°W. and thence along a rhumb line to the west coast of South America at lat. 30°S.

(ii) The Suez Canal, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the westward of the meridian of 45°E. and

(iii) The Persian Gulf to the westward of the meridian of 59°E.

Notes.

(i) The following ports are to be treated as being on the boundary between the Summer Zone and of the Tropical Zone:—Coquimbo, Port Darwin and Rio de Janeiro.

(ii) The port of Fusan (Korea) is to be treated as being on the boundary between the Summer Zone and the area numbered 4 in the Second Part of the Schedule.

(iii) The port of Yokohama is to be treated as being on the boundary between the Summer Zone and the area numbered 5 in the Second Part of the Schedule

(iv) The following ports are to be treated as being on the boundary between the Summer Zone and the area numbered 6 in the Second Part of the Schedule:—Cape Town, Durban, Valparaiso.

(v) The following ports are to be treated as being on the boundary between the Summer Zone and the area numbered 11 in the Third Part of the Schedule: Hong Kong and Sual.

(vi) The following ports are to be treated as being on the boundary between the Tropical Zone and the area numbered 9 in the Third Part of the Schedule: Aden and Berbera.

(vii) Saigon is to be treated as being on the boundary between the Tropica Zone and the area numbered 11 in the Third Part of the Schedule.

SECOND PART.

Seasonal Areas—Summer and Winter.

THIRD PART.

Seasonal Areas—Summer and Tropical.

INDEX.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.